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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductlons  historiques 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


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D 
D 

D 
D 


Coloured  covers/ 
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Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag6e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  poliicuiie 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Coloured  maps/ 
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□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


D 
D 

D 


D 


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Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
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Bound  with  other  material/ 
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Additional  comments:/ 
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L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
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Q 


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r~7|    This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

l^    Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 


10X 


14X 


18X 


22X 


26X 


aox 


12X 


16X 


20X 


J 


24X 


28X 


n 

32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Harold  Campbell  Vaughan  Memorial  Library 
Acadii  University 


L'exemplaire  film^  fut  reproduit  grflce  d  la 
gAn6rosit6  de: 

Harold  Campbell  Vaughan  Memorial  Library 
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conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


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or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
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d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED'),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —^signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  otre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

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CENTENNIAL    ANNIVERSARY 


O  T'     THE 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKER   HILL. 


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CELEB  IIATION 


CENTENNIA].  ANNIVERSARY 


BATTLE  OF  BUNKER  HILL, 


WITH     A\     AI'I'KMUX     (ONlAlM.N.i    A     SI  liVKV    ( IK     IIIJ.; 

MTKKATI  |;K      »)I'      ■llli:       MATII.i;,       IIS 

ANTKCKDHN  IS    AM)    IfKSII/rs. 


1^  0  s  t  0  n  : 

PinXTED   BY   ORDER   OK   TUK   CITY   (OUXflL. 

M   I)  ('  ('  (•  I,  X   X    V  . 


CITY    OF    JJOSTON 


In  Board  op  Alueumkn,  Juno  21,  187r>. 
Ordered,  Thnt  the  Clerk  of  Committoci  be  requested  to  preimre  nml  print  an 
nceount  of  the  ci'lcbriition  in  this  city,  eoinnieinorativc  of  the  centenniiil  imniver- 
siiry  of  tlic  battle  of  Hunker  Hill;  nnd  that  one  thousaml  copies  lie  printed  for 
the  use  of  the  City  Govemincnt.  to  he  distributed  under  the  direction  of  tlio 
Connnittee  on  Printint;,  the  expense  to  ho  chartjed  to  the  appropriation  for 
Incidentals. 


Concurred. 

Approved  July  3d,  187.'>. 


In  Common  Council,  July  1,  1875. 


Press    of 

ROCKWELL      AND      CHURCHILL, 

39    Arch     Street,     Boston. 


CONTENTS. 


I'uBLiMiNABr  Akiianoi:mknt8  . 

Mayor's  IniiiiKunil  Addres;) 
Report  of  Spi-ciiil  Committee  . 
OriliT  of  City  t:oiincil 
City's  I'rogniiiimi'    . 
City's  Iiivit.itions      . 
Action  of  tlic  Lffisliitiirc 
Circular  of  Cliiuf  Marslml 
Notice  of  tliu  Cliief  of  I'olicu 

Ukckftiun  in  Music  Haix 

Tiie  Miiyor's  Wulcoiiie    . 
lieiniirl<s  of  Gov.  Giistoti 
Kciimrks  of  Col.  A.  O  Andrews 
Remarks  of  Gen.  Kitz  HuKii  Lee 
Remarks  of  Gen.  J.  C.  Kilpatrick 
Remarks  of  Gen.  W.  T.  .Slierinan 
Remarks  of  Gen.  A.  E.  JJurnside 
Remarks  of  Vice-President  Wilson 

Tub  ."iiocEssioN 

Tlie  Decorations 
The  Review     .... 
The  Cliief  Marshal  and  Staff  . 
Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia 
l-'irst  Division  of  Procession   . 
Second  Division  of  Procession 
Third  Division  of  Procession  . 
Fourth  Division  of  Procession 
Filth  Division  of  Procession    . 
Sixth  Division  of  Procession   . 
Seventh  Division  of  Procession 
Eightli  Division  of  Procession 
Ninth  Division  of  Procession  . 


PAUE 

<) 
12 
12 

la 
i:i 
u 

la 
10-21 
L'l 
25 
20-34 
35 
30-41 
41 
43 
45 
4(i 
40 
51 
61 
62 
62 
63 
55 
67 
01 
03 
04 
65 
07 
08 
00 


lA^so 


VI 11 


( '  f )  N  T  !•:  N  T  S . 


SKKVICEX    oh    niTNKICU    Hll.L         .... 

Prnyer  by  Kcv.  Uut'us  Kllis 
Hymn  —  I'liijer  bct'orL' lluttlf 
Atlilrc'.'is  of  Hon.  ClmrlL's  Dcvt-ns,  Jr. 
Hymn,  written  by  Cliarlca  Janics  Spriisne 
Address  by  Hon.  G.  Wiisliinjrton  Warren 
lieniiirks  of  General  Sberninn 
Keniarks  of  Governor  llartranft 
Song,  written  by  diaries  James  Sprague 
Remarks  of  Governor  Hedlc    . 
•    Hciiiarks  of  Governor  Dingley 
Remarks  of  Viee-l'residont  Wilson 
Despateb  from  San  Franeisco 
Despatub  from  New  Orleans    . 
Ode,  written  by  Geo.  Sennott . 
Hymn,  written  by  G.  Wasbington  Warren 
Letter  from  Governor  Ingersoll 
Letter  from  Mayor  of  New  Orleans 
Letter  from  Mayor  of  Mempliis 
Letter  from  Mayor  of  Omalia 
Desp".'.cli  from  Ladies  of  Allentown,  Pa. 
Despatcli  from  National  Board  of  Trade  . 
Appendix  :  — 

Literature  uf  Bunker  Hill,  with  its  antecedents  and  results 


l-AOK 

75 

7(1 

77 

78 

12(! 

127 

l;!0 

i;t2 
i;?4 

134 
137 
138 
140 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
14G 
147 
147 

151 


PEELIMINARY  AERANGEMENTS. 


PRELIMINARY  ARRANGEMENTS. 


In  his  inaugural  add?  ess  to  the  City  Council  of  Boston,  on  the 
5th  of  January,  1875,  the  Mayor  — lion.  Samuel  C.  Cohb  — 
referred   to   the   approaching  centennial    anniversary   in    the 


following  words :  — 


*'  The  centennial  epoch  of  our  national  history  h  close 
at  hand.  Preparations  are  now  being  made  to  celebrate 
the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  declaration  of  inde- 
pendence, on  a  grand  scale,  in  the  city  from  which  that 
momentous  document  was  promulgated.  Th  ■ ,  "tling 
events  in  Boston  and  its  vicinity,  in  1775,  aioused 
the  symiiathetic  patriotism  of  the  sister  colonies,  and 
justified  and  made  possible  that  solemn  act  of  the 
Continental  Congress  of  1776.  Those  events  will  be 
commemorated.  Our  neighbors  at  Lexington  and  Con- 
cord are  preparing  for  the  local  celebration  of  the  acts 
of  heroism  which  have  rendered  those  names  famous. 
The  scene  of  the  first  great  revolutionary  combat  is  now 
within  our  municipal  limits.  The  patriotic  Association 
which  has  charge  of  the  grounds  will,  doubtless,  initiate 
measures  for  the  due  observance  of  the  17th  of  June 
next,  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.  It  will  be  for  you  to  consider  to  what  extent  this 
government  can  properly  co-operate  with  them." 


m 


12 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVERSARY   OF   THE 


This  portion  of  the  Mayor's  address  was  referred  to  a  joint 
special  connnittee  of  the  City  Council,  consisting  of  Aldermen 
Thomas  1^.  Harris  and  Solomon  B.  Stebbins,  Councilmen 
Edwin  Sibloy,  Eugene  H.  Sampson  and  Isaac  P.  Clarke. 
The  coumiittee  reported  on  the  12th  of  April,  as  follows :  — 


The  joint  special  committee  to  which  was  referred  so  much  of  the 
Ma3or's  inaugural  address  as  relates  to  the  celebration  of  the  17th  of 
June  next,  liaving  carefully  considered  the  subject,  beg  leave  to 
submit  the  following  report :  — 

The  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  first  great  battle  of  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution  is  an  event  which  clearly  calls  for  recognition  and 
commemorative  action  on  the  part  of  the  municipal  authorities  of 
Boston ;  and  tlie  onl}'  question  would  seem  to  be  the  extei  t  and 
character  of  the  action  which  it  would  be  proper,  and,  under  the 
circumstances,  cTesirable,  for  the  city  government  to  take. 

Your  connnittee  have  conferred  with  the  representatives  of  the 
State  and  of  the  Huuker  Hill  IMonument  Association  ;  but  no  definite 
action  can  be  taken  until  the  representatives  of  the  city  are  duly  au- 
thorized to  give  their  assent  to  such  arrangements  as  may  be  agreed 
upon  for  the  celebration. 

It  is  proposed,  on  the  part  of  the  Stato,  to  invite  as  its  guests  the 
principal  executive  oflicers  of  the  I.  i  States  and  governors  of  the 
several  States  ;  and  to  order  out,  for  review  and  for  escort  dut}-,  the 
entire  militia  organization  of  this  State.  Witii  a  view  to  secure 
harmony  of  action,  and  prevent  confusion  in  carrying  out  the  details, 
it  is  suggested  tiiat  all  the  other  matters  coiniected  with  the  cele- 
bration —  except  tiie  deiiverj'  of  the  oration,  for  wliich  arrangements 
have  already  been  made  l»y  the  Monument  Association  —  should  be 
under  the  control  and  management  of  the  citj-.  On  that  basis  an 
approximate  estimate  has  been  i)repared  of  the  expense  which  the  city 
would  be  called  upon  to  bear,  amounting  in  the  total  to  thirty  thousand 
dollars,  and  the  committee  would  respectfully  reconnnend  the  passage 
of  an  order  approimatlng  that  amount.      ...... 

Respectfull}-  submitted. 

For  the  Committee, 

THOMAS   B.   HARRIS, 

CJiairman. 


BAT1LE   OF   BlTNlvEIl   HILL. 


18 


The  following  order  was  passed  by  the  City  Council,  and 
approved  by  the  Mayor,  on  the  7tl»  of  May  :  — 

Ordered,  That  His  Honor  tlio  Mayor,  tlie  Chairman  of  tlie  Board 
of  Ai.lenncn,  the  Presidfiit  of  tiic  Common  Council,  with  Ahk-rmou 
Harris,  Stobbins,  Quincy  and  Power,  and  Conncihiien  Siblev,  Samp- 
son, Clarke,  Peabody,  Flynn,  Guild  and  Devoreux,  be  authorized  to 
make  suitable  arrangements,  on  the  part  of  the  City  of  Boston,  for  the 
Celebration  of  the  Centennial  Aimiversary  of  the  Battle  of  Bunker 
Hill ;  and  that  said  connnittee  be  authorized  to  expend  for  that 
purpose  the  income  of  the  Foss  finid,  and  of  the  Babcock  fund,  and, 
in  addition  thereto,  a  sum  not  exceeding  thirty  thousand  dollars,*  to 
be  charged  to  the  appropriation  for  Incidentals, 

The  Alayor,  having  been  empowered  by  the  committee  to 
select  a  suita])le  person  to  act  as  Chief  Marshal  of  the  proces- 
sion which  it  was  proposed  to  organize  on  the  day  of  the 
celebration,  appointed  General  Fkancis  A.  Osnoux,  with  full 
authority  to  make  such  arrangements,  in  matters  pertaining 
to  the  duties  of  the  office,  as  he  might  deem  necessary. 

The  part  to  be  taken  by  the  city  in  the  observance  of  the 
anniversary  was  further  defined  as  follows :    It  was  decided 
to  have  an  official  reception  in  Music  Hall  on  the  evening  of 
the  16th  of  June ;   to  decorate  all  the-  public  buildings,  "and 
designate,    by   suitable   inscriptions,    the   places   of  historical 
interest  in  the  city;  to  have  the  bells  of  the  churches  rung, 
and  national  salutes  fired  at  sunrise,  noon  and  sunset,  on  the 
17th;  to   provide  a  tent  and   such  other  acconmiodations  as 
may  be  necessary  for  the  exercises  at  Bimkcr  Hill ;  to  make 
a  display  of  fireworks  on   Boston  Conunon  and  on  Sullivan 
square,  in  Chariostown ;  to  illuminate  the  dome  of  the  City 
Hall,  in  School  street,  and  the  front  and  dome  of  the  old  City 
Hall,  in  Charlestown ;  to  exhibit  calcium  lights  from  the  top  of 

*  On  the  5tl.  of  June  tl.is  sum  was  increased  to  «35,000.     The  amount  actually 
expended  was  $33,444.40. 


1 


14 


CEXTEJraiAI.    ANNIVERSARY   OF    TIFE 


the  Blinker  Hill  Aronument,  and  ,'K'in  other  prominent  jmints 
in  the  city  proper,  and  in  East  IJosto).  South  lionton  and 
lioxbnry ;  and  to  have  bonlires  in  Dorchester,  West  Koxbury 
and  liriifhton. 

By  request  of  the  connnittee,  the  Ma^'or  extended  a  cordial 
invitation  to  the  following-named  ofiicials  to  accept  the  hospi- 
talities of  the  city  :  — 

The  Mayor  of  Mobiio,  Ala.  ;  Little  Rock,  Ark.  ;  San 
Francisco,  Cal.  ;  New  Haven,  Coini. ;  Wilmington,  Del.  ; 
Jacksonville,  Fla.  ;  Savannah,  Ga.  ;  Chicago,  III.  ;  Indian- 
apolis, Ind.  ;  Davenport,  Iowa  ;  Leavenworth,  Kansas  ;  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  ;  New  Orleans,  La.  ;  Portland,  Me.  ;  Baltimore, 
Md.  ;  Detroit,  Mich.  ;  St.  Paul,  Minn. ;  Vicksbnrg,  Miss.  ; 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  ;  Omaha,  Neb.  ;  Virginia,  Nevada;  Manchester, 
N.  H.  ;  Newark,  N.  J.;  New  York,  N.  Y.  ;  Wilmington, 
N.  C.  ;  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Portland,  Oregon;  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  ;  Providence,  li.  I.  ;  Charleston,  S.  C.  ;  Memphis,  Tenn. ; 
Galveston,  Texas ;  Burlington,  Vt.  ;  Richmond,  Va.  ;  Wheel- 
ing, W.  Va.  ;  Milwaukee,  AVis. ;  General  Joseph  R.  Ilawley, 
President  U.  S.  Centennial  Conunission  ;  Alfred  T.  Goshorn, 
EsCiUire,  Director  General  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission ; 
Honorable  John  Welch,  President  of  the  Board  of  Finance, 
U.  S.  Centennial  Conunission ;  Frederiok  Fraley,  Esquire, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Boai'd  of  Finance,  U.  S.  Cen- 
tennial Commission ;  Honorable  William  Bigler,  Financial 
Agent  l^.  S.  Centennial  Commission ;  Honorable  Daniel  J. 
Morrell,  Chairman  Executive  Committee  U.  S.  Centennial 
Commission. 


The  following  persons  were  invited  to  meet  the  Mayor  at  the 
City  Hall,  at  9  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  17th,  for  the 
purpose  of  uniting  with  the  City  Government  in  the  exer- 
cises of  the  day  :  — 

The  Mayors  of  cities  in  Massachusetts ;  the  past  Mayors  of 


BATTLE   OF   BriNKER   HILL. 


15 


Boston,  Roxhury  and  (liailcstowi!  ;  lion.  E.  R.  Hoar,  Mr. 
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  and  JNIr.  (icor^o  Hoy  wood,  coniuiittce 
of  the  town  of  Concord  ;  Mr.  Charles  Hudson,  Mr.  M.  H. 
Merriam,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Mum-oe,  c(.nnnittcc  of  the  town  of  Lex- 
ington ;  Prof.  Charles  W.  Eliot,  President  of  Harvard  College  ; 
Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams,  Mr.  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  Mr. 
James  Russell  Lowell,  Dr.  O.  W.  Holmes,  Mr.  William  (iray, 
Mr.  Wendell  Phillips,  Mr.  ^Villiam  Lloyd  Garrison,  and  others. 

Under  an  order  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  passed  the 
13th  of  March,  a  joint  special  committee  of  th('  Massachusetts 
Legislature  was  appointed,  "with  full  power  to  make  such 
arrangements  as  might  be  deemed  proper  and  expedient  for  the 
reception,  on  the  part  of  the  State,  of  the  President  and 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  and  other  distinguished 
strangers  who  might  visit  the  State  upon  the  occasion  of  the 
celebration  of  the  17th  of  June." 

The  committee  subsequently  invited  the  following  persons  to 
beeomc  the  gtiests  of  the  State :  The  President  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States ;  the  President  pro  tempore  of 
the  United  States  Senate  ;  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States  ;  the  members  of  the  President's 
Cabinet;  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  the 
United  States  ;  General  William  T.  Sherman  ;  Lieutenant  Gen- 
eral Philip  H.  Sheridan ;  Major  General  Wiutield  S.  Hancock  ; 
Admiral  David  D.  Porter ;  Vicc-Admiral  Stephen  C.  Rowan ; 
the  Governors  of  all  the  States  ;  the  Chiefs  of  the  Diplomatic 
Corps;  the  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  from 
Maine  ;  Andrew  Johnson,  Ex-President  of  the  United  States  ; 
and  John  A.  Dix,  of  New  York. 

On  the  14th  of  June  His  Excellency,  the  Governor  and 
Conmiander-in-Chicf,  tendered  the  First  Division  of  Massachu- 
setts Volunteer  Militia  to  the  City  of  Boston,  for  the  purpose 
of  escort  duty  at  the  Centennial  Anniversary,  and  stated,  at  the 


16 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVERSAIIY   OF   THE 


sitmc  time,  that  the  troops  s'oiild  pass  in  review  at  the  Stiito 
House,  while  en  route  to  the  head  of  the  civic  procession. 

In  response  to  a  request  from  the  Mayor,  Major  General  W. 
S.  Hancock,  commanding  the  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic, 
directed  ^lajor  Geor<re  P.  Andrews,  of  the  Fifth  U.  S,  Artillery, 
to  detail  two  companies  from  the  trooi)s  in  Boston  Harbor, 
under  the  conmand  of  Brevet  Major  General  Richard  Arnold, 
to  report  for  duty,  in  connection  with  the  procession. 

In  a  circular*  issued  just  previous  to  the  17th,  the  Chief 
Marshal  made  the  following  announcement  in  regard  to  thi 
formation  and  management  of  the  procession,  and  the  route 
over  which  it  would  pass  :  — 

Tlie  First  Division  Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia  has  been 
ordered  by  the  Major  General  connnandin<!;  to  Ibrni  ui)on  the  Parade 
Ground  of  the  Connnon  at  8.40,  A.  M.  Before  reporting  for  duty  as 
escort  of  the  procession,  the  division  is  to  march  in  review  before 
the  Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief,  who  is  to  take  post  for  the 
purpose  in  front  of  the  Stale  House.  The  column  of  troops  is  to 
move  from  tiie  Parade  Ground  through  lioylston-street  mall,  Tre- 
mont.  Beacon,  and  Dartmouth  streets.  It  is  to  halt  in  Dartmouth 
street,  the  right  resting  at  Columbus  avenue,  and  is  to  close  in  mass, 
thus  assuming  position  to  take  up  the  procession. 

The  procession,  except  the  First  Division,  will  form  at  10  o'clock 
in  the  several  positions  named  below. 

The  First  Division  will  form  at  9  o'clock  in  Cliarles  street,  the  right 
resting  at  Boylston  street,  the  left  prolonged  toward  Beacon  street, 
and  up  Beacon-street  mall.  This  division,  in  conformity  with  the 
wish  of  its  constituent  bodies  and  of  the  State  authorities,  will  join 
in  the  march  in  review,  and  will  follow  the  division  of  Massachusetts 
Militia.  When  that  division  shall  close  in  mass  and  halt,  the  First 
Division  will  close  upon  it  and  execute  the  same  movement. 

»  The  circular  gave  the  organization  of  the  several  divisions ;  hut  tliut  portion  is 
omitted  liere,  as  it  is  given  more  in  detail  in  the  account  of  the  procession. 


IJATTLK    OP   IJLNivEU    HILL. 


17 


Tlio  odlcial  porsonnjios  oomposiiifr  tho  Second  Division  will  witii.'ss 
the  ivview  at  (lie  State  House.     'I'lie  several   eseorts   fo   (Joveiiiors 
of   States    will    he   jjosted    as   follows:     The    I'hU   'i'l-oop   of    City 
Cavalry,    of    Philadelphia,   in    Ashhiirtoii    jjlace,    rijrht    restii-jr   at 
IJowdoin    street.     The    First    Company    Governor'.s    Foot    Ciiards, 
of  Hartford,    eseort   of  the   Governor  of  ConneoticMt,  the  IV.rtland 
Cadets,  eseort  of  the  (iovcnior  of  Maine,  and  the  (iovernor  Straw 
Rifles,    eseort   of  tho   Governor   of  New    Hampshire,   in    the    I'ark- 
Htreet  mall,  rifjht  resting  at  Beaeon  street.     The  National  J.aneers, 
eseort  of  the  State  Gov«-rninent,  in  Derne  street,  right  resting  at  IJow- 
doin  street.     Immediately  after  the  review,  the  chief  of  this  division 
will  exert  himself  to  form  it  as  spi.edily  jis  possible.     The  City  Gov- 
ernment and  their  guests  will  leave  the  State  House  l.y  the  (h.or  on 
Mount  Vernon  street,  will  take  their  carriages  and  drive  rapi.lly  to 
Charles    street,   where  tiiey  will  form,   the   I'ight  resting  at   i!<-!icon 
street,  the  left  prolongeil  toward  Camliridge  street.     The  State  (iov- 
ernment  and  their  guests  will  leave  the  State  House  hy  the  IJeaeon- 
street  side,  will  take  their  carriages,  and,  preceded  by  the  Lancers, 
Miill  drive  down  Beacon  street,  and  form  with  the  right  resting  at. 
Charles   street,   in   position    to   follow   the  City  Government.     The 
escorts  will   1...   moved  np   in   season   to   take   up   their  respective 
Governors  in  their  proper  places. 

The  Third  Division  will  form  on  Beacon  street,  the  light  resting  at 
Dartmouth  street,  the  left  prolonged  toward  Parker  street. 

The  Fourth  Division  will  fonn  on  iMarlhoro'  street,  the  right  rest-* 
ing  at  Dartmouth  street,,  the  left  prolonged  toward  Arlington'^street. 

The  Fifth  Division  will  form  on  Mai'lboro'  street,  the  right  resting 
at  Dartmouth  street,  the  left  prolonged  toward  Parker  street. 

The  Sixth  Division  will  form  on  Commonwealth  avenue,  north  side, 
the  right  resting  at  Dartmouth  street,  the  left  i)rolonged  toward 
Arlington  street. 

The  Seventh  Division  will  form  in  two  subdivisions,  the  first  on 
Commonwealth  avenn/.,  south  side,  and  the  second  on  Kewbury 
street,  the  right  of  each  subdivision  resting  at  Dartmouth  street,  the 
left  prolonged  toward  Arlington  street.  The  Chief  of  this  division 
will  detail  an  Aid  to  see  that  the  second  subdivision  moves  promptly 
to  unite  with  the  Jirst. 
3 


1 


18 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVKHSARY    OF   TlIK 


Till'  Hiolilli  Division  will  Corm  on  llovlstoil  street,  tlie  li^iiit  renting 
at  Dartniontii  street,  the  left  prolonjjecl  lowanl  Ailinjiton  street. 

The  Ninth  Divinion  will  fonn  on  (handler  and  Apph'ton  stieetH, 
Warren  uvenue,  Hrookline,  Pembroke,  Newton,  Untland  and  Concord 
streets,  or  as  nian\-  of  them  as  may  be  needed,  in  the  order  named, — 
the  right  of  llie  subdivisions  in  Brookline  and  remluoke  str«'ets,  rest- 
ing at  AVarren  aveinie  ;  tiie  rigid  of  tliose  in  the  other  streets  named, 
resting  at  Cohnnbiis  avemie.  Ail  wagons  will  enter  the  designated 
HtreetH  at  the  rear,  and  will  be  forme<l  in  singU'  eoliinm  from  front  to 
rear,  in  the  order  of  their  reporting,  exeepting  those  bearing  very 
unwieldy  loads,  and  liable  for  that  reason  to  delay  the  niareh,  which 
will  be  posted  at  the  rear  of  the  division.  A  line  will  (Irst  be  formed 
in  Chandler  street,  elose  by  the  northern  curbstone,  and  a  second  lino 
close  by  the  southern  curbstone  ;  and  the  same  order  will  be  foUowed 
in  the  other  streets.  The  line  first  formed  will  move  first,  and  the 
second  will  follow  close  in  its  rear.  Teams  of  more  than  a  single 
pair  of  horses  will  be  provided  with  men  to  walk  beside  the  leaders, 
as  security  against  accident  and  ilelay.  Wagons  heavily  loadcil  must 
be  furnished  with  brakes. 

The  head-ipiarters  of  the  Chief  Marshal  will  be  at  the  corner  of 
IJeacon  and  Arlington  streets.  The  (ieneral  Staff  will  report  to  him 
there  at  D  o'clock,  A.M. 

Chiefs  of  Divisions  will  establish  their  head-quarters  at  the  points 
indicated  above  for  the  right  of  their  respective  divisions,  and  will 
remain,  or  be  represented  there,  until  their  divisions  shall  move. 
They  will  detail  bearers  for  the  respective  division  banners,  who 
will  be  stationed,  during  the  formation,  at  the  right  of  the  division, 
and  who  will  march  in  advance  of  the  division,  thirty  paces  in  rear  of 
the  one  preceding.  They  will  also  detail  mounted  orderlies,  to  carry 
their  respective  head-quarter  flags.  Each  Chief  of  Division,  when  he 
shall  see  the  division  next  preceding  his  own  in  motion,  will  elose  his 
division  in  mass,  and  be  prepared  to  march  promptly,  at  an  interval 
of  thirty  paces  in  its  rear;  he  will  station  an  Aid  at  the  rear  of  his 
division,  to  notify  the  Chief  of  the  succeeding  one  of  the  moment  to 
move.  Kach  Chief  of  Division  will  labor  during  the  march  to  main- 
tain his  ilivision  at  the  prescribed  interval ;  and,  if  he  shall  find  that 


MATTLK    <)|.'    Hl'NKKU    HILL. 


19 


it   is  losiiijr  .listimcc.  or  I.. „i„M'  ,„„|ii|y  ,.xt,.|i.l(..|.  h,.  will  iif  onoo 

I'oininmiicatc  llic  l-ict  to  tin-  Cliicf  Miirslml. 

I)ivisi.,i,s.  in  liiiiin^r  „,,  ,1a.  ii„»,  „,•  ,„,„,,.|,^  ^^.■^^  ,.,|.^.  ,,j^,j,„^^^,.  ,,^.  ^,^^. 
ln'iid  of  coliiiiin. 

Aids  .l.'tail..,!  I.v  th.>  (■Iii..r  M.irsl.al  will  ntt.'iid  at  tlio  sovi-ral  railroad 

^f"* ^  '■'"'  ""'  l'i"l"»*<'  orniviiiji  all  ii.>..,.ssary  inC<.rinati..n  to  ..rwani- 

/alioiis  arrivii..--.  Tii.-v  will  reach  Ih.'  stations  at  it,  A.M..  and  remain 
until  11,  A.M  Organizations  ar.-  riMincstnl  to  follow  the  route  from 
the  railroad  station  wliirli  m.iy  he  indicated  l.y  such  Aids. 

As  each  or^r.-uiization  arrives  on  tho  ^n-onnd  ].rescril.ed  for  its 
division,  its  Chief  will  report  at  once  to  the  Chief  of  Division  the  total 
niimher  of  its  mend)ers  i)resent.  of  its  hand,  and  of  its  carriajres,  and 
it  will  he  as8i<,nied  a  place  in  colunm. 

All  hut  military  bodies  will  form  and  maroh  in  sin^'le  ranks  of  six 
fdes  each.  Carriages  will  form  two  ahreast,  and  maintain  that  order 
diniuff  the  march. 

The  formation  of  the  imjcession  cainiot  he  completed  until  after  the 
conclusion  of  the  military  review.  After  the  troops,  and  the  odlcial 
personajr,.s  who  will  he  present  at  the  review,  shall  have  taken  their 
resj)ective  positions,  the  head  of  the  colunm  will  take  up  the  line  of 
march,  at  an  hour  not  earlier  than  11^  o'clock,  from  the  corner  of 
Dartmouth  street  and  Columbus  avenue,  and  will  move  tlirou,i,di  the 
following-named  .streets  :  — 


Columbus  avemie.  West  Chester  park,  Chester  square,  southwest 
side,  Washinfrton  and  Union  Park  streets.  Union  park,  southwest 
side,  Tremont,  Boylston,  Washington.  Milk,  India,  Connnercial  and 
South  .Market  streets.  Merchants'  row.  State,  Devonshire,  Washing- 
ton and  Charlestown  streets,  Charles-river  bridge,  Charles-river 
avenue.  City  square,  Chelsea,  Chestnut,  southeast  and  northeast  aides 
of  Momniient  square,  Concord,  Bunker  Hill  and  Main  streets,  Monn: 
nient  avenue,  southwest  side  of  ^romiment  square  and  AVinthrop 
street  to  Winthrop  square,  where  the  procession  will  I)e  dismissed. 

While  crossing  all  bridges,  bands  and  drums  will  cease  playing  and 
marching  bodies  will  break  step.  Chiefs  of  Division  will'  impress 
upon  their  commands  the  importance  of  this  order,  and  will  labor  to 


20 


CKXTKNNIAI.    ANM VKIWAUY    OF   TIIIO 


ciilbrci'  it,  Icavinji  "'i  Aid  iit  tiii'  t'litiiiiici'  of  fiich  Iniiijfc  I'or  tlic  pm- 

pdSC. 

Tiic  ('liicC  MarHlial  Iiiih  sfciirnt  a  liiir  of  icii'^irapii  aldiijj  the  wiioU; 
roiito,  and  liaw  t-MfabliHlicd  slations  al  llic  rollowiiijf  plact-n :  — 

No.  1.  ConuT  Ik'acoii  and  i^iliii{j;toii  wtrt'i'ts,  hcad-iinartfis  Cliiol' 
MaiHlial. 

No.  2.    Corner  Dartinontli  stroot  and  ColiiniluiH  avi-nuc. 

No,  .1.    {'oriicr  Ciu'stor  Hcjuaro  and  Wasliin^ton  Htrccl. 

No.  1.    ."ilii  I'oliii' Station,  Kast  DciHiani  strci't. 

\o.  ').    -JX'J  'rrt'inoiil  stri't't,  corner  Coinnion  street. 

No   (!.    No.  Ill  Wasiiinjiton  street,  at  Haley,  Morse  &  Co.'s  store. 

No.  7.    Milk  street,  near  Hro.'id  street. 

No,  H.    Old  .State  Honse. 

No.  !).  Ilavniarket  s([uare,  in  or  near  Iloston  and  Maine  Wailroad 
d  jiot. 

No.  10.   City  sfjnare,  Ciiarlestown. 

No.  II.   Main,  corner 'rhorndiko  street. 

No.  12.   Wintlirop  sqnare,  opposite  Park  street. 

Chiefs  of  Division,  on  approaeliinji  each  station,  will  send  forwani 
an  Aid,  with  the  despatch  for  the  Chief  ^larshal,  jjivin}?  Inll  inlbnna- 
tion  of  the  condition  of  their  commands,  and  any  other  matlcrH 
deemed  l)y  tlrtMn  important.  They  will  instrnet  their  Aids  to  receive 
any  orders  which  may  lie  waiting.';  di'livery. 

The  operators  at  these  stations  will  frcmi  time  to  time  exhibit 
l)lacards,  for  the  information  of  the  spectators,  announcinij;  the  posi- 
tion of  the  head  (if  the  column. 

Any  Chief  of  Division  not  ready  to  move  promptly  in  his  order  will 
at  once  notify  the  Chief  of  the  one  next  succeedin<^,  to  march  in  his 
place  and  stead,  and  will  take  position  for  the  march  in  rear  of  the 
last  marching  division,  retaining  at  the  head  of  his  own  its  proper 
banner.  Shonid  he,  however,  be  subject  to  detention  by  the  unrt'adi- 
ness  of  a  small  portion  of  his  connnand,  he  may,  at  his  discretion, 
detach  such  portion,  and  send  it,  uiuler  charge  of  an  Aid,  to  report 
to  the  Chief  of  the  last  nmrching  division. 

Anj'  organization  reaching  the  ground  after  the  departure  of  its 


HATTLK    OF    HUNKKIt    HILL. 


21 


division   will  icpoii   lo  ih,.   Cliiff  of  the  next   Hiicccoding  onp,  not 
airnnh  in  motion. 

Chiefs  of  Division  mv  n'(|U('stcil  to  Jninsniit  to  iIichc  lit'iKl-ininrtorH, 
on  till'  <liiy  fdlluwinji  the  cclchration,  oonHolidatcd  rcportH  of  tiioir 
connnaiidH. 

I5v  onlciof  (1i;n.    KHANCIS  A.  OSIIOHX, 

C/iii'f  Mdrnhal. 
COUSVAAVS   a.    ATTWOOI),    Ailjuhmt  Gcuenil.  ' 

Til  connoction  willi  tlio  Ariirslml's  iiotico,  tho  Chief  of  Tolioo 
issiu'il  the  followin"-:  — 

15y  direction  of  the  IIoaud  ok  Ar.nKitMicN,  tho  streets  dosipnatod 
liy  the  Chief  Marshal  as  the  route  for  tho  prooossion  on  Iho  17th  of 
.Tniio,  and  snoh  other  streets  as  tlie  public  safi'ty  and  oonvonienec 
may  ro(|iiiro.  will  he  olosod  af,min8t  the  passage  of  vehicles  at  9 
o'cloolc,  A.  M. 

The  streets  adjacent  to  tho  Common,  and  those  on  the  Back  Bay 
'I'erritory  on  whii-h  the  procession  is  to  bo  formed,  will  be  closed 
a<rainst  the  passage  of  vehicles  at  8  o'clock,  A.  IM. 

IMonumont  square  and  (west)  Mommient  avenue  will  bo  closed 
against  the  passage  of  vehicles  at  8  o'clock,  A.  M.,  and  against  tho 
passage  of  all  persons  not  authorized  to  pass  there  at  8  o'clock, 
A.  I\I.,  on  that  day. 

All  unnocossary  obstructions  on  tho  streets  or  sidewalks  must  be 
removed,  ami  it  is  highly  desirable  that  all  persons  should  aid  the 
police  in  securing  an  unobstructed  passage,  from  curb  to  curb, 
throughout  the  entire  route  of  the  procession. 

For  rates  of  hack-fares  between  Boston  proper  and  Charlestown 
passengers  are  directed  to  tho  list  of  fares  posted  in  each  carriage. 

Tho  law  against  the  discharge  /)f  liroarms  and  tlreworks  will  bo 
promi>tly  enforced,  and  all  citizens  are  earnestly  requested  not  to 
leave  their  dwellings  unprotected,  and  to  use  every  practical  precau- 
tion against  lire. 

EDWARD   II.    SAVAtiE, 

„  ,,  CJiief  of  Police. 

Offick  or  THE  Chief  of  Pomce, 

nostoii,  June  14,  1875. 


1 


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THE  EECEPTION  IN  MUSIC  HALL. 


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RECEPTION    IN    MUSIC   HALL. 

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THE  RECEPTION  IN  MUSIC  HALL. 


Ox  the  evening  of  the  Kith  of  June  His  Honor  the  Mayor 
!uul  the  Committee  of  Arrangements  gave  a  reception,  in  Music 
Hall,  to  the  distinguished  visitors  who  i^urposed  taking  part  in 
the  ccleln-atiou  on  the  following  day. 

The  hall  was  very  handsomely  decorated  with  flowers,  bunt- 
ing and  drapery.  On  the  front  of  the  upper  balcony  there  was 
an  arch  bearing  the  word  "  Wklcome,"  in  richly  illuminated 
letters;  and,  just  ))encath,  a  representation  of  the  City  Seal, 
with  the  dates  "177r."  and  "1875,"  in  tablets  on  either  side. 
At  intervals  during  the  evening  music  was  furnished  by  the 
Germania  liand. 

To   facilitate  the  interchange  of  civilities  between  the  city 
authorities  and  their  guests,  the  seats  in  the  ])ody  of  the  hall 
were  removed  ;  and  to  accommodate  the  ladies,  a  portion  of  the 
seats  in  the  Hrst  balcony  Avcre  reserved.    Among  those  who  occu- 
pied seats  on  the  platform,  or  who  appeared  there  at  different 
times  during  the  evening,  there  were,  the  Vice-President'of  the 
United  States,  General  William  T.  Sherman,  Senator  Ambrose 
E.  Burnside;  Mr.  Justice  Strong  of  the  Supreme  Court,  U.  S.  ; 
Senor  Don  Francisco  Gonzales  Errazuriz,  Charge  d'Aflaires  from 
Chili ;  Mr.  Stephen  Preston,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  from  Hayti  ;  His   Excellency  William  Gaston, 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  ;  His  Excellency  Xclson  Dinglcy, 
Jr.,  Governor  of   Maine;    His   Excellency   John   J.    Bagley, 
Governor  of  Michigan ;  General  Fitz  Hugh  Lee,  of  Virginia ; 
Colonel  A.  O.  Andrews,  of  South   Carolina,   Captain  J.  W.' 


26 


CEXTENXIAL    ANNIVERSARY   OF   THE 


Gilnior,  of  the  Norfolk  Blues  ;  Goncral  Jiulson  C.  Kilpatrick  ; 
Hon.  K.  W.  llichiirdson,  Mayor  of  Portliiiul;  lion.  11.  L. 
Fulton,  Mayor  of  Galveston,  Texas.  Among  the  organizations, 
or  representatives  of  organizations,  present  in  the  hall  there 
were,  tlie  Washington  Light  Infantry  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  ;  the 
Norfolk  Light  Artillery  Blues,  of  Norfolk,  Va. ;  the  Fifth 
Maryland  Kegiment ;  the  Old  Guard  of  New  York;  the  Light 
Infantry  Veteran  Assoeiation  of  Salem,  ]\Iass.  ;  the  New  Eng- 
land Society  of  New  York;  the  Richmond  (Va.)  Conunandery 
of  Knights  Templars  ;  the  De  Molay  Commandery  of  Boston  ; 
The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Ai'tillery  Company  of  Boston,  and 
the  Bunker  Hill  Monument  Association. 

Soon   after   eight  o'clock  the  IVIayor  called  the  assemblage 
to  order,  and  spoke  as  follows  :  — 


THE   MAYORS   WELCOME. 

Fellow-Citizens  and  Friends:  —  The  event  whose 
hundredth  anni\  ersary  we  celebrate  to-morrow  was  one 
of  a  series  that*  resulted  in  the  creation  of  an  indepen- 
dent nation.  The  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  in  ^  military 
view,  was  a  defeat  for  the  colonies ;  but,  in  its  moral  and 
political  fruits,  it  Avas  a  splendid  success.  Following 
close  upon  the  collisions  at  Lexington  and  Concord,  it 
fired  the  whole  Americ^m  heart,  and  aroused  the  entire 
American  people,  and  made  them  thenceforth  one  people. 
While  it  fell  to  the  lot  of  Massachusetts  to  lead  off  in 
the  war  of  independence,  she  Avas  not  left  to  stand 
alone  for  a  day.  Responses  of  sympathy  and  pledges 
of  co-operation  came  in  as  fast  as  news  could  fly  and 
men  could  march. 

"  It  is  surprising,"  writes  General  Gage  at  this  period, 
"  that  so  many  of  the  other  provinces  interest  themselves 


UATTLK    OF    BUNKER    IlILI.. 


27 


so  much  in  this.  They  have  warm  fi-iends  in  ^'w  York, 
and  I  kiarn  that  the  people  of  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  are  as  mad  as  they  are  here." 

"All   Virginia,"   says    Irving,   "was   in   a   state   of 
combustion." 

"  We  must  fight !  "  said  Patrick  Henry.    "I  repeat  it, 
sir,  we  must  fight  !  " 

In  fifteen  days  the  great  Virginian,  Washington  him- 
self, was  here  at  the  head  of  the  army.  Then  followed 
battle  after  battle,  from  Boston  to  Charleston,  from 
Saratoga  to  Yorktown,  till  at  length  the  thirteen 
provinces  became  thirteen  States,  and  those  thirteen 
States  an  empire  that  now  spans  the  continent.  Ke- 
membering  these  things,  Ave  of  the  East  do  more  than 
willingly  accord  to  the  people  of  the  West  and  the 
South  an  equal  share  in  the  proud  and  grateful  memories 
that  belong  to  our  revolutionary  centennials  ;  and  we, 
on  our  part,  shall  claim  an  equal  share  in  theirs,  as  they 
recur  from  time  to  time,  from  '75  to  '82. 

To-morrow's  commemoration  is  no  mere  local  affair. 
It  must  have  a  national  significance,  "or  it  can  have  none. 
If  it  were  only  Boston  or  Massachusetts,  or  even  New 
England,  that  cared  for  it,  better  that  the  famous  story 
of  Bunker  Hill  were  blotted  out  of  history,  as  the  mere 
record  of  an  ignominious  failure.  What  is  ours  in  these 
things  belongs  to  all  our  countrymen  as  much,  or  it 
would  be  worthless  to  us  ;  and  what  is  theirs  is  ours,  or 
we  should  feel  bereft  of  a  splendid  heritage.  It  is, 
therefore,  with  the  deepest  satisfaction  that  we,  who  are 
especially  at  home  here,  hail  the  coming  of  so  many  of 
our  fellow-citizens  from  abroad  and  afar.     Their  pres- 


28 


CKNTENXIAI-    ANNIVKKSAIIV   OF    TIIK 


t'lice  is  a  i)riiK'l[)al  cirfurnstance,  and,  to  our  eyes,  the 
briglitest  leaturu  of  tho  ot-casion  —  a  plodjj^o  that  they 
are  ready  to  share,  and  share  alike  with  us,  in  tlu;  rieli 
inlieiitanee  of  the  insi)iriu<^  memories  and  traditions  of 
the  national  hirthtinie,  and  that  to  their  feeling,  as  to 
ours,  the  sons  of  their  fathers  and  of  our  I'athei's,  who 
stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  in  that  grand  old  time,  are, 
and  must  l)e,  brethren  to-day. 

Under  the  inspirations  of  sneh  a  reunion,  we  feel  that 
to-morrow  will  be  sueh  a  red-letter  day  foi'  Boston  as 
ean  hardly  shine  for  her  more  than  once  in  a  eentury. 
If  the  skies  smile  npon  her  there  will  be  such  a  tide  of 
life  pulsing  through  her  streets  as  she  never  knew  before ; 
her  spii-es  and  domes  will  wear  such  a  radiance  as  the 
summer  sun  never  gave  them  till  now;  the  lu-art  of 
Bunker  Hill  will  throb  audibly  beneath  the  tread  and 
the  acclaim  of  the  gathering  mnltitudes;  its  granite 
shaft  will  loom  uj)  many  cubits  taller  into  the  sky;  and 
the  glorified  forms  of  Prescott  and  AV^arren,  and  of  their 
illnstri(ms  compeers  Avho  stood  with  them  on  the  spot 
that  day,  or  Avho  sent  them  their  sym|)athy,  and  were 
already  hastening  to  their  support  from  every  quarter, 
or  preparing  to  do  the  like  deeds  elsewhere,  Avill  almost 
be  seen  bending  from  the  clouds  and  breathing  benedic- 
tions on  their  children,  who,  after  all  the  vicissitudes  of 
a  century,  are  found  faithful  to  their  trust,  and  worthy 
to  hold  and  transmit  their  sacred  inheritance  of  liberty 
and  union.  Under  these  circumstances  the  City  Council, 
acting  as  they  felt,  and  sure  that  it  was  in  accord  with 
the   sentiment  of  the  whole  city,  have  desired  me  to 


BATTLK   OK    HFNKKH    MILL. 


29 


invite   our  visitors    to    iiu'ct    us   liciv   to-niglit   Tor   an 
iut('rclian<;i'  ol'  greet iii<;;s  nnd  i'elicitationM. 

We  knew  you  were  eoniinjj,  <j;entlen)eii;  and  you  have 
eonu^  as  you  j)roinise(l,  and  as  we  lioped  —  in  «i;()odiy 
inunhers — in  militaiy,  masonic,  industrial,  eoninieivial 
and  educational  or<ianizations — private  citizens  and  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Nation,  of  the  States  and  of  many 
cities.  You  have  (!onie  from  every  direction  and  all 
distances;  from  beyond  the  Kennebec  and  tlu;  (Jreen 
jNIountains;  fi-om  beyond  the  Hudson,  the  Delaware  and 
the  Susc|uehanna,  the  Potomac  and  the  James,  the. Edisto, 
the  Savannah  and  the  I'ennessee;  from  beyond  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  the  Uocky  ^fountains.  You  could  not  come 
too  numerously  for  our  wishes  and  our  welcome.  Boston 
would  be  glad  if  she  couid  fold  the  whole  iiaticm  in  her 
heart  to-morrow,  and  make  herself  for  the  day,  and  in 
this  her  turn,  the  sacred  Mecca  of  the  entire  American 
people.  AV  ithout  dissent  or  reservation  she  rejoices  as 
one  man  in  your  coming;  and  in  her  name  and  liehalf  I 
bid  you  welcome  !  —  thrice  welcome  !  —  a  thousand 
times  welcome!  !My  clumsy  northern  tongue  and  un- 
practised lips  cannot  give  ade(]uate  ex})ression  to  the 
warmth  and  cordiality  with  Avhich  she  bids  me  greet  her 
guests  and  make  them  at  liome  within  her  gates.  And, 
if  I  mistake  not,  the  crowds  in  our  streets  to-morrow  will 
re-echo  the  greeting  with  an  emphasis  that  you  cannot 
fail  to  understand.  You  will  unite  Avith  us,  and  that 
right  heartily,  I  doubt  not,  in  commi'morating  with  I'ev- 
erence  and  gratitude  the  men  and  the  deeds  of  a  hundred 
years  ago,  and  the  ways  in  which  an  ever  gracious  Prov- 
idence, through  many  perils  and  difficidties,  has  led  our 


:\o 


("KXTKWIAL    AXNIVKIfSAUV    OF   THE 


coimti'v  on  iind  U|)  to  its  |>ri'st'nt  lutij^ht  of  ^rcjitiu'ss  lUid 
pro.siK'iity. 


And  now,  ti'llow-citizcn.s,  wlillt'  \vv  solennily  ring  out 
the  old  ccnluiy,  lot  us  iiopi'l'idly  ring  in  the  new.  It 
belongs  to  the  men  of  to-day  to  Injiugnnite  the  second 
century  of  our  counti'y's  life.  The  omens  are  propitious. 
The  prospects  of  our  national  polity  are  brighter  to-day, 
1  think,  than  at  any  previous  period.  It  has  safely 
undergone  all  the  tests  that  could  be  crowded  into  a 
century.  It  still  stands,  and  may  now  be  said  to  have 
almost  ])assed  the  experimental  stage,  —  at  least  as  far 
as  that  can  be  said  of  any  earthly  polity.  We  luive 
exi)er;tnced  all  the  trials  and  dangers  by  which  the 
permanence  of  nations  is  put  to  the  test.  We  have  had 
the  stringent  test  of  unexampled  prosperity  and  raj)id  ex- 
pansion, and  have  survived  it.  AV  e  have  had  commercial 
crises  and  industrial  dei)rossions  of  the  severest  character. 
We  have  had  bitter  })olitical  and  sectional  sti'ifes.  AVe 
have  had  foreign  wars;  and,  like  all  nations  that  have 
attained  to  greatness,  Ave  have  had  civil  war, —  and  still 
we  live.  This  last  and  supremest  peril  has  passed  away 
just  in  time  to  enable  the  country  to  enter  upon  the 
second  century  of  its  history  with  confidence  and  good 
cheer.  We  could  not  have  said  so,  at  least  not  so 
c(mfidently,  fifteen  years  ago,  nor  ten,  nor  even  five. 
But  now,  not  only  is  the  war  closed,  but  the  ani- 
mosities which  have  accomi)anied  and  followed  it  are 
fading  out;  they  are  dying,  —  nay,  they  are  as  good  as 
dead,  and  awaiting  their  burial !  To-morrow  we  will 
dig  their  grave ;  at  ihe  greater  centennial  in  Philadelphia, 


1 

4 


nATTLK  OP  nij\F<:F:it  iirr-r. 


81 


next  ycai-,  we  will  iR-iip  up  a  mound  over  tliom  lii<^h  08 
tlic  7\II(';-lmul('s;  iiiui,  hvl'ovv  llic  day  oC  Vorktowu  conu'S 
round,  wr  Mliall  liavc  ioi-oottcii  that  they  over  t-xisti'd. 
In  tliiH  l)t'nl«;n  work  ol"  rt'conclliat;      llio  soldicrH  on 
both  sides  have  taken  the  lead.     This  wi  s  to  bo  expcfcted. 
True  heroism  harbors  no  resentments,  and  is  incai)al)lo 
of  a  sullen  and  persistent  hat  red.     True  soldiers,  worthy 
of  the  luune,  ^ive  and  take  hard  blows  in  all  honor  and 
duty;  and  when  the  work  is  done,  arc  ready  to  embrace 
as  brothers  in  arms,  and  to  let  by-<,n)nes  be  by-j^^ones,  in 
all  things  except  to  preserve  the  memory  and  decorate 
the  graves  of  their  heroic  dead,  —  ay,  and  of  one  another's 
dead.     IJrave  men  love  brave  men,  with  the  magnanimity 
that  knows   how  to  honor  each   other's  courage   and 
respect  each  otlier's  motives.    Foemen  in  war,  l)rother8 
in  peace;  — that  is  the  history  of  chivalry  here,  as  cvery- 
Avhere.     And  all  classes  must  needs  follow  the  lead  of 
their  noble  champions,  and  could  not  stand  out  against 
it,  if  they  would.     Even  the  weak  and  cowardly,  and 
the  political   adventurers  who  live  on  the  garbage  of 
sectional    jealousies   and  partisan   embitterments,  have 
to   give    in,  at   last,  from  very   shame.     Imlicaticms  of 
the  spreading  and  deepening  of  this  sentiment  of  re- 
stored amity  are  coming  in  from  all  cpiarters.     Plere  in 
Boston,  I  do  not  happen   to   know  a  single   voice  at 
variance  with  it;  and  that  it  is  shared  by  yourselves, 
gentlemen  of  the  South,  is  evidenced  by  your  presence' 
here  to-night.     You  may  have  desired  the  issue  of  the 
war  to  have  been  other  than  it  is,  and  may  have  felt, 
for  a  time,  that  all  was  hist  save  honor.     J  respect  your 
convictions;  but  1   believe  you  arc  wise  enough,  and 


32 


CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY  OF  THE 


magnanimous  enough,  to  acquiesce  loyally  now,  and  in 
the  end  cheerfully,  in  the  arbitrament  of  the  God  of 
battles,  —  assured,  as  you  must  be,  that  the  overruling 
Providence  is  wiser  than  our  wishes,  and  knows  how  to 
bestow  richer  benefits  than  those  it  withholds ;  assured, 
too,  that  Avhatever  was  right  and  good  in  the  lost  cause 
which  you  loved  is  not  finally  lost,  and  that  Avhatever 
was  false  or  wrong  in  tlie  winning  cause  cannot 
permanently  triumph.  The  Almighty  reigns,  and 
shapes  results  more  beneficently  and  more  righteously 
than  man  can. 

All  things  considered,  fellow-citizens,  I  regard  our 
country  as  prepared  to  enter  upon  its  second  cen- 
tury with  the  best  augui'ies  and  brightest  hopes  of 
peace  and  happiness.  The  burdens  and  privations 
resulting  from  the  cost  and  the  waste  of  war,  on  both 
sides,  we  must  still  bear  for  a  time,  as  we  are  bearing 
them  now,  in  this  universal  depi'ession  of  industry  and 
trade.  But  this  evil  is,  in  its  nature,  transient  for  a 
vigorous  and  thrifty  jieople,  and  need  count  but  little  in 
our  reckoning  on  the  future,  provided  only  that  harmony 
and  mutual  'coniidence  and  good-will  prevail  and  con- 
tinue. And  these  we  must  foster  and  defend.  All 
depends  on  these.  I  am  sure  you  will  agree  Avith  me, 
gentlemen,  that  in  the  new  century  thei>3  need  not  be, 
and  must  not  be,  any  North,  or  South,  oi-  East,  or  West, 
except  in  respect  to  those  varieties  of  climate  and 
production  which  stimulate  industry,  and  give  life  to 
commerce,  and  multijjly  the  sources  of  national  Avealth 
and  power.  While  we  cultivate  fi-iendly  relations  by  the 
intercourse  of  trade  and  the  amenities  of  social  lile,  we 


'% 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKER   HILL. 


33 


must  avoid  the  political  intormetldlinn;'  that  endangers 
such  relations.  Let  each  State  manage  its  own  local 
afiairs  without  interference,  however  well  meant,  from 
abroad,  subject  only  to  that  Constitution  which  is  at 
once  a  wholesome  restraint  and  a  protecting  shield  for 
us  all. 

The  old  j)oliucal  issues  have  well-nigh  passed  away; 
one  platform  i,«  very  nmch  like  another.    Old  party  lines 
are  getting  luixed  and  shadowy,  so  that  little  remains 
to  distinguish  them  bul  their  names.     Wg  are  thus  at 
liberty  to  seek  the  best  men  as  rulers,  withouv  i-eference 
to  party  oi-   locality,   oi-   anything   but  character   and 
capacity,  —  honest  men,  who  will  neither  steal  nor  per- 
mit stealing.    The  securing  of  a  pure  and  unright  govern- 
ment would  be  tlie  best  fruit  of  our  restored  harmony,  and 
the  best  inauguration  I  know  of  for  the  new  century.    Let 
good  men,  in  all  sections,  combine  as  one  man  for  this  end. 
There  must   still  be  parties,  with  or  without   the  old 
names,  — sharp   antagonisms   of   opinion    and    policy. 
These  are  everywhere  among  the  conditions  of  freedom 
and  progress.     They  do  not  destroy,  they  invigorate,  a 
nation.     The  only  fatal  divisions  are  those  of  sections. 
There  must  be  none  of  these,  — at  least  in  that  part  of 
the  century  Avhich  our  lifetime  shall  cover,  and  for  which 
we  are  answerable.    ]S"o  conflict  of  sections  !    I  give  you 
iuy  hand  on  that  proposition,  gentlemen,  and  I  promise 
you  every  honest  man's  hand  in  Boston  on  that.      And, 
if  you  will  accept  and  return  the  pledge,  it  shall   be 
kept;  and  we  may  trust  our  children  and  our  children's 
clnldren  to  maintain  and  perpetuate  it.   We  must  guard 
against  the  beginnings  of  alienation  and  distrust;  and. 


34 


CENTEXXIAL   AXXIVEESARY   OF   THE 


if  ever  we  see  any  root  of  bitterness  giving-  signs  of 
springing  np,  let  ns  set  our  heels  upon  it,  yours  and  ours, 
and  stamp  it  out  beibre  it  has  time  to  send  up  a  single 
poison-shoot. 

But  I  detain  you  too  long,  gentlemen.  Much  formal 
address  is  not  what  we  want  to-night.  We  want  rather 
to  look  into  one  another's  faces,  eye  to  eye.  We  want 
to  give  and  take  a  hearty  hand-gi-as]).  We  want  to  tell 
you,  collectively  and  individually,  that  we  shall  be  but 
too  ready  and  glad  to  do  all  in  our  power  to  make  your 
visit  agreeable  to  you,  and  to  convince  you  that  the 
confidence  in  us  which  you  show  by  coming  is  not  mis- 
placed. We  want  to  enable  you  to  report  to  your  people 
at  home  that  you  found  nothing  but  brotherhood  and 
good-fellowship  here.  We  want  to  make  the  guests  of 
a  week  the  friends  of  a  lifetime.  AVe  want  you  to  feel 
as  kindly  towards  Boston  as  Boston  docs  towards  your 
own  fair  cities  of  the  South,  to  whom  God  grant  health 
and  Avealth,  prosperity  aud  peace  ! 

Once  more,  to  all  our  guests,  from  hv  away  and  from 
near  by,  and  from  all  points  of  the  compass,  I  say  in  the 
city's  name,  and  say  it  gratefully  and  heartily,  Welcome 
to  Boston  and  Bunker  Hill ! 


The  Mayor's  remarks  Avcre  warmly  applaiuled.  After  music 
by  the  baud,  he  presented  Governor  Gaston,  -who  spoke  as 
follows :  — 


B^\TTLE   OF   BUXKER   HILL. 


35 


REMARKS   OF   GOVERXOR   GASTON. 

Mr.  3Iayor,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen : —  My  words  will 
be  few  to-night;  but  I  should  poorly  represent  Massa- 
chusetts, as  her  heart  now  beats,  if  they  were  not 
charged  with  the  warmest  spirit  of  welcome. 

Massachusetts  is  honored  by  the  presence  of  the  sons 
and  daughters  of  all  the  States  who  have  come  here 
from  every  part  of  this  broad  land  to  honor  the  memory 
of  the  soldiers  and  the  statesmen  who  laid  the  foun- 
dations of  a  republic  which  now  numbers  forty  millions 
of  peojjle. 

The  early  battles  of  the  Revolution  were  fought  on 
Massachusetts  soil,  but  they  were  not  fought  for  Mas- 
sachusetts alone.  They  were  fought  for  the  entire 
country,  and  the  glory  of  these  struggles  is  the  com- 
mon hei-itage  of  us  all.  As,  with  emotions  of  reverent 
patriotism,  you  shall  assemble  around  yonder  shaft 
to-morrow,  you  will  find  its  foundations  deep  enough  and 
its  proportions  large  enough  to  make  it  a  fit  monument 
of  the  nation's  glory. 

As  heirs  of  a  common  inheritance  we  meet  and  re- 
joice together  to-night,  and  as  brethren  we  will  celebrate 
to-morrow.  Massachusetts  of  1875  is  the  Massachusetts 
of  1775.  To  our  guests  from  the  ]S'orth  and  from  the 
South,  from  the  East  and  from  the  West,  we  say,  "As 
our  fathers  greeted  your  fathers  of  old,  so  we  now  greet 
you." 

Luder  the  ample  folds  of  the  old  flag  we  meet  as 
brethren;  and  as  we  are  stepping  upon  the  threshold  of 
our  second  century,  let  us  determine  that  we  will  make 


36 


CEXTENXJAL   AXNIVEKSAKY   OF    TIIK 


!ll 


its  achievements  in  all  the  lields  of  civilization  and  peace 
Avorthy  of  a  people  Avliose  birthright  is  freedom,  whose 
policy  is  justice,  and  "whose  God  is  the  Lord." 

Under  the  influence  of  our  glorious  old  memories,  in 
the  midst  of  the  scenes  where  American  liberty  in  its 
infancy  was  rocked,  let  us  declare  there  shall  be  no 
more  sectional  strife.  Let  ns  declare  there  shall  be  no 
warfare,  except  such  as  a  nation's  safety  and  a  nation's 
honor  shall  demand,  and  in  that  w^arfare  let  ns  all  tight 
together,  sym})athizing  with  each  other  Jn  every  danger, 
and  exulting  together  in  every  victory. 

At  the  close  of  the  Governor's  speech,  ^lajor  Dexter  H.  Fol- 
lett  iuul  start',  of  the  First  Battalion  of  Light  Artillery,  M.  V.  JNI. , 
entered  the  hall  with  (leneral  Fitz  Hugh  Lee  and  the  officers  of 
the  Norfolk  Light  Ai-tillery  Blues.  They  were  received  Avith 
immense  aiiplause,  and  escorted  to  seats  on  the  platform. 

The  ]Mayor  then  said  he  had  been  informed  that  Colonel 
Andkeavs,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  Avas  in  the  hall. 
The  announcement  was  received  with  great  enthusiasm,  and 
when  the  Colonel  came  forward  he  was  heartily  cheered. 


m 

A4 


in 


ItEMARKS   OF   COLONEL   A.    O.    ANDKEWS. 

Fellow- Citizens  of  Jfassachusetts :  —  South  Carolina 
receives  with  the  deepest  emotion  the  greetings  of 
Massachusetts, — an  emotion  Avhose  tenderness,  Avhose  in- 
tensity, whose  amplitnde,  can  only  be  measured  as  Avhen 
twin  sister  meets  tAvin  sister,  and  the  fiery  tribulations, 
the  estranging  vicissitudes  of  the  past,  are  put  aside,  all 
lost  sight  of,  all  forgotten,  in  the  happy  auguries  of  an 
unclouded  and  an  undivided  future. 


BATTLE    OF   BUXKEK    HULi..  37 

How  opportune  is  the  hapi)e]iin<^  of  these  centennials ! 
Yerily  there  is  a  Providence  that  shapes  our  ends. 
Long-,  and  rugg-ed,  and  dark,  may  be  the  road,  but  in 
the  I'uhiess  of  His  own  good  time  He  causeth  Hght  to 
sliine,  and  in  ways  unthonght  by  human  ken  brings 
about  results  that  iill  us  Avith  admiring  wonder  and  sur- 
prise. Who  can  fail  to  be  impressed,  that,  just  at  this 
especial  juncture,  we  should  be  catching  sight  of,  and 
coming  up  to,  these  hundred-mile  stones  in  the  journey 
of  our  common  country,  —  at  the  very  moment  in  our 
history  when  their  sight  and  presence  seem  so  season- 
able, so  fortunate,  so  auspicious,  so  needed  to  admonish 
and  to  instruct,  as  well  as  to  cheer  and  stimulate?  First 
came  Lexington  and  Concord.  Old  Mecklenburg  fol- 
lowed, and  in  the  echoes  which  yet  linger  around  us  we 
hear  the  music  sounding  again  with  all  its  primal  fervid- 
ness  and  tire,  struck  from  that  old  chord,  as  it  lirst  broke 
Ibrth  in  notes  of  quickening  fraternity,  answering  to 

"  WIhu'c  (iiH'o  the  cinbattli'd  farnuTs  stooil 
And  lirotl  the  slmt,  liciird  round  tlii'  world." 


To-day  we  gather  in  pious  homage  around  our  own 
consecrated  shrine,  and  join  with  you  in  doing  reverence 
where  Warren's  blood  was  shed,  and  renew  with  you, 
in  family  pledge,  the  sacramental  oath,  that  it  shall  not 
have  been  shed  in  vahi. 

Whose  heart  shall  not  be  lifted  into  a  purer  and  a 
sweeter  atmosphere,  as  he  hears  the  tread,  and  feels  the 
approach,  of  this  grand  procession  of  the  mighty  past? 
No  dim  and  shadowy  remembrance  enclouds  them ;  but 
they  come,  all  corruscated  with  light.     Like  towering 


Pi 


38 


CENTEXXIAL   ANXIVEUSAKY   OF   THE 


'   .:(l 


clifts,  sublimely  they  lift  their  hoary  heads.     Shooting 
out  amid  the  rapid  current  upon  which  we  are  surging, 
they  turn  om-  course.     In  reverential  arrest,  we  pause 
and  ponder.     On  their  scarred  fronts  we  read,  furrowed 
hi  blood,  "truths  that  wake,  to  perish  never."     In  our 
inmost  soul,  we  feel  how  full  of  blessing  is  their  pres- 
ence; how  teemingly  fruitful,  if  we  but  will  it  so,  for  a 
mightier,  a  far  exceeding,  a  more  glorious  and  benefi- 
cently  harmonious    future!       How    fraternizing,   how 
hallowing  is  their  influence ! 

"Oil,  hushed  be  every  thought  that  springs 
From  otit  the  bitterness  of  tilings." 

Lowly  we  bend,  and  ask  a  blessing  and  a  benison,  ere 
yet  we  hurry  on  in  the  voyage  before  us. 

It  IS  in  such  a  spirit  w^e  meet  you  to-day.  Like  the 
worn  and  jostled  members  of  some  large  family  at 
Christmas-tide,  who  have  almost  unlearned  the  season 
as  one  of  merriment,  a  note  of  welcome  comes  for  us  from 
the  old  loved  homestead.  How  the  old  tie  tugs  at  our 
heart !  Our  ears  catch  the  gleeful  cliimos.  Soon  bursts 
out  the  once  lamiliar  carol, — 

"  Behold,  1  bring  you  good  tidings  of  great  joy." 

Is  this  for  us?  Can  we  be  included?  The  dear  old 
chant  rings  out  again  — and  all  our  misgivings  melt 
away  as  in  jubilant  strain  is  wafted  to  heaven,  "  Glory 
to  God  in  the  highest,  and  on  earth  peace,  good-will  to 
men."  Yes,  we  come !  True,  in  our  hands  we  bring  no 
precious  vase,  in  whose  rich  loam  flowers  the  costly  ex- 
otic.    We  come  in  homely  garb,  and  with  broken  cup; 


BATTLE    OF   BUNKER   HILL. 


39 


g 


but  ill  that  cup  is  a  soil  which  yonder  coliimu  will  rec- 
ognize—  it  is  from  old  Moultrie's  sand-banlc.  You 
shall  i)lant  therein  the  olivc-l)ranch.  Old  Bunker  Hill 
Avill  catch  the  gracious  dews  as  they  fall  i'rom  heaven, 
and  gently  drop  them  to  nourish  its  growth,  and  under 
its  stately  shaft  it  shall  find  shelter  from  the  scorching 
sun. 

Yes,  (his  is  the  temper  in  Avhich  we  meet  you  to-day 
—  even  as  in  olden  Christmas-tide  —  and  we  will  closely 
gather  around  your  honored  Yule  log,  and,  as  its  fragrant 
smoke  curls  up,  tell  o'er  with  you,  in  garrulous  gossip, 
of  the  grand  old  days  a  hundred  yeai-s  ago,  when    in 
bloody  sweat  and  travail  of  soul  were  laid  the  founda- 
tions of  this  goodly  heritage,  —  alike  for  us  and  for  you, 
for  South  as  for  ]^orth,  for  West  as  for  East,  —  from 
whose  lofty  toAvers  shall  be  forever  flung  its  standard  of 
love  waving  in  the  breezes  of  heaven,  and  inscribed,  so 
that  all  afar  off  may  read,  "  Come  unto  me  all  ye  that 
labor  and  are  heavy  laden,  and  I  Avill  give  you  rest." 
And,   oh,  see,   from   our   sculptured    urns,  Avith   Avhat 
pleased  yet  anxious  serenity  look  doAvn  upon  us  Warren 
and  Prescott,  and  Quincy  and  Hancock,  and  Otis  and 
Adams,   and,   interlocking   their    arms,   Gadsden    and 
Moultrie,  and  Marion  and  Rutledge  and  Sumter!     And 
there  comes  William  Washington!     HoAvhis  face  gloAvs 
Avith  its  old  fire,  as  he  catches  sight  of,  and  points  How- 
ard and  Morgan  to  his  cherished  oriflamme, — 


"  AA^hich  at  Eutaw  shone  so  bright, 
And  as  a  dazzling  meteor  swept 
Through  the  Cowpens'  deadly  fight." 


40 


CEXTENXIATi    AXVIVERSARY    OF   THE 


Old  Bunker  Hill  grasps  it  in  his  arms,  and  by  the  mem- 
ory of  their  ancient  love,  by  tlie  recollection  of  their 
blood-wrf)nght  struggles,  by  the  tender  recall  of  the 
trium[)hing  cheer  Avhich  is  so  often  wafted  from  the 
swamps  and  fastnesses  of  the  South,  he  kisses  it  with 
fervor  true  as  ancient  knight,  and,  in  clarion  tones,  rings 
out  his  tribute  to  the  inspiring  guei'don  of  "  a  Avoman 
withal — but  a  woman  whom  lirutus  took  to  wife,  and 
daughter  to  Cato!" 

And  now,  my  friends,  when  this  hallowed  jubilation 
is  o'er,  and  we  go  back  to  our  homes,  what  message 
shall  Ave  carry  to  our  rcA^erenced  old  mother?  Never 
Averc  her  sons  prouder  of  her.  Never  clung  they 
Avitli  more  filial  closeness  to  her  than  uoav  in  the  day 
of  her  adversity.  Corruption  has  harried  her  —  mis- 
rule has  revelled  over  her;  but  thei'e  she  stands, 
patient  and  undaunted,  in  all  her  matronly  purity;  never 
moi'e  Avorthy  of  our  love  than  as,  unruflled  amid  her 
assailants,  she  gathers  up  the  courtly  folds  of  her  robe 
in  majestic  self-rectitude,  her  stately  eye  beaming  Avith 
the  fires  of  an  unstained  birthright,  and  casting  to  the 
dust,  by  its  transfigured  light,  the  approaches  of  insult 
and  dishonor.  To  her  ear  the  national  harp  has  oft 
been  made  to  sound  "  like  sAveet  bells  jangled  out  of 
tune  and  harsh."  But  there  is  a  chord  in  that  harp,  a 
golden  chord,  Avhich  still  vibrates  in  her  heart,  "  musical 
as  Apollo's  lute,"  charming  as  the  harp  of  Orpheus. 
It  is  the  chord  of  these  ancient  memories ;  it  is  the  string 
in  that  harji,  Avhich  runs  from  Moultrie  to  Bunker  Hill. 
It  is  the  key  Avhich,  struck  at  Concord  and  Lexington, 
vibrates  to  Eutaw  and  King's  Mountain.     Shall  we  tell 


'% 


■I 


!;i!  I 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKER   HILL. 


41 


her  that  you  have  struck  that  chord,  and  that  you  have 
Htriick  it  with  the  note,  and  the  music,  and  the  ti-ucness 
of  its  ancient  sonj^?  If  so,  then  indeed  shall  this  day's 
celebration  cause  Bunker  Hill  to  be  treasin'ed  up  as  the 
shadow  of  a  great  rock,  bringing  rest,  and  refi'eshment, 
and  Jiope,  to  pilgrims  worn,  and  heavy,  and  weaiy. 
Then  shall  we 

"  Press  heavily  onward ;  not  in  vain 
Your  generous  trust  in  liuman  Ivind  ; 
The  good  which  bloodshed  could  not  gain 
Your  peaceful  zeal  shall  find." 

General  Fitz  Huoh  Lek,  of  Virginia,  Avas  then  presented 
and  greeted  witli  enthusiastic  cheers  by  the  men,  and  the 
waving  of  handkerchiefs  by  the  ladies.  When  tlie  excitement 
had  somewhat  subsided,  he  spoke  as  follows  :  — 


REMARKS   OF    GENERAL   FITZ    HUGH    LEE. 

Mr.  Mayor  and  Ladies  and  Gentlemen :  —  I  thank 
you  for  this  most  cordial  welcome  you  have  ex- 
tended to  my  comrades  and  myself.  I  came  here 
with  the  Norfolk  Light  Artillery  Blues,  a  Confederate 
organization,  whose  guns  have  roared  upon  many  a 
hard-fought  field.  As  we  arrived  before  your  city  this 
afternoon,  and  were  steaming  up  your  beautiful  harbor, 
the  first  notes  that  reached  me  from  the  band  of  music 
sent  to  meet  us  were  of  that  good  old  tune  called 
"Auld  Lang  Syne;"  and  I  felt  I  was  not  going  to 
Boston,  but  that  I  was  returning  again  to  a  common 
country  and  a  common  heritage.  I  should  have  wished 
that  my  poor  presence  would  have  passed  unnoticed, 


42 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVERSARY    OF   THE 


1\[ 


and  that  I  mlji^lit  have  been  permitted  to  have  remained 
a  isilent  visitor  in  Boston. 

When  1  reniemher  that  this  is  the  first  time  I  have 
ever  stepped  on  tiie  soil  of  Massaehusetts,  I  neeessarily 
feel  some  embarrassment  at  addressing  sueh  a  splendid 
andienee  as  is  before  me;  but  when  I  reflect  that  I  am 
an  American  citizen  — that  I,  too,  am  a  descendant  of 
those  n)en  who  fought  on  Jiunker  Hill  —  I  feel  that  I, 
too,  have  a  right  to  be  here  to  celebrate  their  splendid 
deeds. 

We  come  here,  fellow-citizens,  to  show  that  we  ap- 
preciate the  achievements  of  those  patriotic  forefathers 
of  ours,  —  those  men  Avho  i)lanted  the  seeds  from  which 
oiu-  nation  sprung.  ^Ve  ai-e  here  to  show  by  our 
actual  presence  that  we  are  fully  in  sympathy  with  the 
sentiment  which  found  expression  upon  the  recent 
Decoration  Days,  when  loving  hands  entwined  beautiful 
flowers  about  the  graves  of  the  soldiers  of  both  armies 
without  distinction. 

I  recall  that,  right  here  in  Boston,  one  hundred  years 
ago,  a  patriotic  divine  spoke  in  substance  as  follows: 
"  We  pray  thee,  O  Lord,  if  our  enemies  are  desirous  to 
fight  us,  to  give  them  fighting  enough ;  and  if  there  are 
more  on  their  way  across  the  sea,  we  pi-ay  thee,  O  Lord, 
to  sink  them  to  the  bottom  of  it."  Now,  when  I  see 
this  magnificent  demonstration,  when  my  eyes  look  on 
yours,  beaming  with  friendliness  and  heartfelt  good- will 
toward  me  and  mine,  I  feel  that  hereafter,  if  foreign  or 
domestic  foes  threaten  our  common  country,  Massa- 
chusetts and  Virginia,  California  and   Florida,  would 


HATTF.E   OF    lUrXKEU    HILL. 


43 


shout  Avitli  one  voice,  "11"  they  tleHU'e  to  light,  let   tlicin 
have  enough." 

I  may  he  pardoned  if  I. recall  to  your  minds  that  in 
those  dayH  oi"  darkness,  when  the  clouds  of  war  envel- 
oped your  Connnonwealth,  n>y  State  of  A^irginia  Hent 
right  here  into  your  midst  him  who,  in  the  language  of 
my  grandfather,  was  "  first  in  [jcace,  first  in  war,  and 
first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen;"  he,  in  the 
language  of  .Vndrew  Jackson,  ''wiiose  character  cannot 
he  too  profoundly  studied  and  his  example  too  closely 
followed."  Washington  ap])eared  here  in  your  midst, 
brought  order  out  of  confusion,  and  saved  our  country. 
I  thank  you,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  most  cordially  for 
the  manner  in  whicl   you  have  received  me. 

General  Jud.son  C.  Kili'atrick  was  next  introduced,  and 
cordially  received. 


REMARKS   OF   GEN.    J.   C.    KILPATKICK. 

Fellow-Citizens :  —  I  am  proud  and  happy  to  assemble 
with  you  here  to-night  on  an  occasion  so  important,  not 
only  to  the  peo2)le  of  Massaclmsetts,  but  of  the  whole 
nation,  —  an  occasion  involving  elements  so  sublime, 
elements  which  inspire  feelings  of  patriotism  worthy  of 
Greece  in  her  best  days.  It  was  not  my  intention  to 
say  a  word  to-night.  I  entered  here  but  a  few 
moments  ago,  and  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  Fitz 
Hugh  Lee,  of  Virginia,  a  Confederate  soldier,  who  was 
my  cavalry  instructor  at  West  Point,  and  whom  I  met 
on  many  a  bloody  battle-field  in  the  late  war  of  the 
rebellion.     And  I  rejoice,  fellow-citizens,  to  have  him 


44 


CENIT.NNIAL    ANMVKHSAUY    OF    TIIK 


''  i 


I  >  I 


c'onio  lu'iv  t()-ni*;lil,mul  iit  (lie  presence  of  this  majiiilfi- 
ccnt  mulieneo  sluilie  liaiids  oiue  n^ain  with  us  beneath 
the  same  old  Union  llaj?,  wlileh  is  his  l)anner  as  well  aH 
ours.  I  reeo<»'nize  the  ('act  that  it  is  ten  lon«jf  years 
since  tlie  last  hostile  shot  was  iired  ami  since  the  war- 
clouds  rolled  away. 

[At  this  i)()iiit  fjcnortil  Smkhman  nppciiml  tipon  tlic  pliitfbnn, 
and  was  loudly  clic'iTed.] 

It  will  not  be  beconiin*]^  in  me  to  continue  in  the 
presence  of  one  so  well  known  to  this  great  nation,  and 
wliom  you  would  much  rather  liear  s])eak.  (Cries  of 
"  Go  on.  We'll  hear  him  next."]  I  was  about  saying 
that  ten  long  years  have  ])assed  and  gone  since  the  hist 
hostile  shot  was  fired.  Monuments  of  stone  rear  aloft 
their  heads  to  heaven  to-day  from  almost  every  northern 
village,  telling  of  the  patriotic  deeds  of  the  brave  men 
who  fought  in  freedom's  cause.  Little  green  mounds 
scattered  all  over  the  sunny  South  are  Avatered  alone  by 
women's  tears,  and  women  on  bended  knees  are  pray- 
ing over  the  ruins  of  Avhat  were  once  palatial  homes, 
and  weeping  burning  tears  for  dear  ones  who  will  return 
no  more.  And  yet,  I  know  thei-e  are  men  in  this 
country  who  say  "It  served  them  right;"  but  if  they 
would  follow  over  the  wasted  stretch  of  Sherman's 
march  they  would  find  that  the  beautiful  sun  shines 
there,  that  grain  may  grow,  and  that  green  grass  and 
flowers  forever  bloom  above  the  spots  where  brothers 
beneath  opposing  banners  struggled  for  the  mastery. 
Let  us  shake  hands  here  to-night  on  this  happy  centen- 
nial of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.    Let  us  unite  the  North 


HATTLK    OF    HUNKKIl    IHIJ;. 


46 


and  Soiith,  and  rcBolvo  tliat  tlic  Hanic  old  flafjf,  lionccforth 
and  loi'(;v('i',  bcfbro  uh  or  around  uh,  sludl  bo  tlio  pride  of 
our  triunij)h  and  the  Hhroud  of  our  burial. 


UEMAHKS   OF   GENKRAL   Wrr.lJAM   T.    HHEUMAN. 
Gcnend  Sueuman  was  tluMi  pri'scntcd.     lie  said  :  — 

I  came  liere  to-ni«jht  to  attend  a  levee  of  the  Mayor  of 
the  city  of  IJoston,  with  no  intention  of  speaking  one 
word;  and  I  hope  you  will  pardon  me  if  I  merely  ex- 
press myself  somewhat  amazed  to  find  myself  upon  the 
platform  here  to-nig'Jit  in  the  presence  of  so  many  gentle- 
men of  Boston,  every  (me  of  whom  can  make  a  better 
speech  than  I  can.  To-morrow  you  will  hear  General 
Dovens  make  a  gi-eat  speech,  worthy  the  occasion,  and 
I  want  to  hear  it  very  much, —  so  much  that  I  have  come 
fifteen  hundred  miles  to  hear  it.  I  want  also  to  stand 
where  ]iunker  Hill  once  stood.  It  is  all  graded  down 
now  ;  but  the  memory  of  the  spot  will  last  long  after 
all  of  us  have  disappeai-ed  from  this  earth.  Brave 
deeds,  noble  actions,  there  made  the  beginning  of  our 
nation.  The  deeds  done  that  day,  the  thoughts  thought 
that  day,  the  courage  manifested  that  day,  should  make 
that  spot  as  pure  and  holy  as  any  spot  that  can  inspire  a 
race.  I  therefore  simply  ask  you,  gentlemen,  whose 
faces  are  turned  toward  me  to-night,  to  think  of  the  men 
who  died  that  day.  What  has  been  the  result?  A 
nation  was  born  that  is  influencing  the  world,  and  we  are 
come  thousands  of  miles  to  celebrate  its  birthday,  —  one 
hundred  years  ago.  May  you  all  be  better  for  it,  and 
purer  for  it,  and  truer  for  it,  and  kinder  to  each  other. 


46 


CENTENXTAL    ANNIV^ERSARY   OP    THE 


KE3IAHJ\S   OF   GENERAL    A.   E.   BURXSIDE. 

Geiicnil  BuuNSiDE  was  next  introduced  by  the  Mayor.  lib 
said :  — 

I  came  here  to-night  as  a  sijectator,  and  I  am  not  in 
the  least  prepared  to  address  such  an  audience  as  this. 
I  am  a  ckinisy  speaker  at  best,  and  it  is  not  proper  that 
I  should  attempt,  on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  to  say 
anything  to  an  assemblage  like  this.  The  occasion  is 
one  of  great  importance,  and  every  patriotic  heart  in 
the  country  should  be  impressed  with  it.  It  is  my  hope 
and  prayer  that  these  centennial  days  may  be  so  ob- 
served as  to  blot  out  all  feelings  of  envy  or  malice 
whicii  were  engendered  by  the  late  war.  1  am  free  to 
say  here  to-night  that  I  am  ready  to  do  everything  on  the 
face  of  the  earth  to  accomplish  this;  I  will  do  anything 
but  acknowledge  we  Avere  wrong  in  what  we  did  to 
suppress  the  rebellion. 


REMi\RKS   or   VICE-PRESIDENT   WILSON. 

At  the  close  of  General  Buruside's  address  there  were  calls 
for  the  Honorable  Henhy  Wilsox,  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States.  Yieldinir  reluctantly  to  the  demand  made  upon  him,  Mr. 
Wilson  said :  — 

I  respond  to  your  call  only  for  a  moment,  and  I  re- 
spond for  the  reason  that  I  cannot  say  no.  AVe  have 
listened  to-night,  while  we  have  been  welcomed  by  the 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Boston,  who  has  spoken  the  words 
of  the  whole  city.  This  vast  audioice  has  been  wel- 
comed here  to-night — men   from  all  sections  of  our 


BATTLE   OF    BUNKER   HILL. 


47 


country  —  hy  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  I  believe  he  has  spoken  the  Avords  of  all  the 
people  of  this  good  old  Commonwealth.  AVe  have 
heard  a  response  from  South  Carolina,  and  we  have 
welcomed  it.  "VVe  have  heard  a  voice  from  Old  Vir- 
ginia, and  we  have  Avelcomed  and  a^^plauded  it.  Here, 
to-night,  as  a  citizen  of  this  Commonwealth,  I  welcome 
these  men,  from  all  sections  of  the  country,  to  Massa- 
chusetts; and  I  trust,  with  God's  blessing,  this  oc- 
casion will  be  consecrated  to  patriotism,  to  manhood, 
to  full  and  impartial  liberty  to  all  men  of  every  kindred 
and  race. 

I  trust  that  we  shall  begin  the  coming  century  of  our 
country  wdth  an  acceptance  of  the  sublime  doctrine  of 
human  right  that  one  hundred  years  ago  animated  the 
men  who  bared  their  breasts  on  Bunker  Hill.  T  believe 
I  have  seen  already  in  the  South,  in  the  West,  in  the 
central  States,  that  this  anniversary  festival  of  ours,  call- 
ing us  back  to  our  early  history  and  the  grand  achieve- 
ments of  our  fathers,  is  accomplishing  more  for  our 
country  than  anything  that  is  happening.  It  is  bringing 
and  cementing  together  the  hearts  of  our  people,  and 
Christian  men  on  bended  knees  should  pray  for  it,  patri- 
otic men  should  labor  for  it,  and  we  should  know  that  we 
live  in  a  country  that  is  to  be  our  countiy ;  that  we  live  in 
a  country  where  men  of  all  races  ai'c  brothers.  I  believe, 
gentlemen,  that  we  should  all  strive  for  harmony,  unity, 
justice,  for  ec^ual  rights  to  everybody  in  our  land. 


This  closed  the  formal  part  of  the  exercises,  and  introduc- 
tions and  conversation  followed. 


'■(■  I 

i  i  fl 


THE   PIIOCESSION 


I 


I  1 


TRIUMPHAL  ARCH.      ENTRANCE   TO  CITY   HALL  SQUARE,   CHARLESTOWN. 

[Drawn  by  EUWIN  A.  AUUHV.     linyravetl  by  W.  J.  LlNTON.) 


Tlh-.    !M-i-'  .     ■■  li^V 


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.if--,    t/K  .  ...-.l-,     .      Ilt.ri,        I-..;!..,-.,  fy  '..     I     '.■!'■. 


THE   PROCESSION 


The  General  Court  liiiving  matlo  the  Seventeenth  of  June, 
1875,  ii  legal  public  holiday,  the  public  buildings  and  ofKccs 
throujihout  the  State  were  closed,  and  all  business,  except  that 
connected  with  the  celebration,  Avas  suspended.  At  an  early 
lio<:;  u-  the  ni<n-ning  the  various  organizations  which  were  to 
take  part  in  the  i>r()ceedings  of  the  day  began  to  arrive  in  the 
city  and  take  position  in  the  places  assigned  to  them.  'I'he 
streets  were  thronged  by  people  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
who  Avere  desirous  of  witnessing  what  promised  to  be  the  most 
extensive  and  magnificent  military  and  civic  display  ever  made 
in  New  England. 

The  favorable  state  of  the  weather  added  greatly  to  the 
success  of  the  occasion  ;  a  mild  east  wind  prevailed  throughout 
the  day,  and  tempered  the  heat  so  that  tliose  who  marched  in 
the  procession,  and  those  who  stood  long  hours  in  the  streets  to 
see  it  pass,  were  enabled  to  do  so  without  discomfort. 

All  the  public  buildings  and  many  private  dwellings  and 
places  of  bushiess,  especially  those  along  the  route  of  the  pro- 
cession, were  handsomely  decorated  with  flags,  bunting  and 
flowers.  At  all  points  of  historic  interest  connected  with  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  or  with  the  revolu  -nary  period,  inscrip- 
tions were  placed,  giving  a  clear  and  concise  statement  of  the 
event  to  be  connnemorated. 

Across  the  northerly  end  of  Charles-river  avenue,  where  the 
procession  entered  City  square,  Charlestown,  a  triumphal  arch 
was  erected.     One  of  the  pillars  bore  a  representation  of  the 


52 


CKNTJ5NMAL   A>nVIVKl!S.\UY    OV   TIIK 


battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  with  the  date  "1775"  beneath;  cm  the 
other  was  a  view  of  th(^  present  Monument,  and  the  date  "  lcS7o." 
On  tlie  keystone  of  the  arch  was  inscribed 

"IIEKOKS    OF    BlMvKH    HILL," 

and  on  either  side  were  the  names  of  Pkkscott,  Putnasi, 
Waukicn,  Knowltox,  Stakiv,  and  PoMKiiOY,  —  the  one  iirst 
mentioued  occupying  tlic  highest  phice  of  lionor. 

At  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  members  of  tlie  City 
Government,  the  guests  of  the  city,  and  the  persons  invited 
by  His  Honor  the  Mayor  to  join  the  procession,  assembled  at  the 
City  Hall,  and  proceeded  thence,  l)y  invitation  of  His  Excellency 
the  Governor,  to  the  State  House,  to  witness  the  military  review. 

At  ten  o'clock  the  ti-oops  moved  from  their  rendezvous  on 
the  Connnon,  passing  out  at  the  corner  of  Charles  street  and 
BoylstoM  street,  and  marched  through  Boylston,  Trcmont  and 
l?eacon  streets,  past  the  reviewing  party,  whicli  occupied  a 
platform  in  front  of  the  State  House. 

The  movement  of  the  procession  was  somewhat  delayed  by 
the  review,  and  it  Avas  not  until  a  (juarter  past  one  o'clock  that 
the  Chief  Marshal  was  enabled  to  enter  upon  the  line  of  march. 
The  formation  was  as  follows  :  — 

Th'^  Chief  of  rolice,  with  fiffoon  niouutod  men. 

'1'  '  Fall  Kivor  Brass  Band. 

The  Fourth  Battalion  of  Infantry  M.  V.  M.,  IMajor  Austin  C. 

"Wellington  commanding. 

General  Fkancis  A.  Oscoux,  Chief  Marshal. 

The  Meinl)ors  of  liis  Staff,  namely  :  — 

Col.  W.  V.  Ilutchings,  Chief  of  Stalf. 

Col.  Cornelius  G.  Attwood,  Adjutanl  General. 

Col.  Solomon  Hovey,  Jr.,  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 


HATTLK    Ol'    HUNKER    HILL.  •'>'i 

♦ 

Ciipt.  JiiiiU's  'riioiii|is()ii.  ('liii'r(|ii:irl('riiiii!>lt'r. 

l.ii'iil.  Ivlwiinl  IJ.  Uiclinnlson.  Cliicf  Sij,niiil  Olllwr. 

:Mr.  .lanicH  Swonls,  Mr.  .M.  1''.  l)i<'l<iiis()ii,  .Ir., 

Ciipl.  NiitliMii  Aiiiilcloii,  ^Ir.  15.  F.  Ilalcli, 

Cii|)t.  (ic'o.  r.  Denny,  Mr.  Ilowanl  L.  I'ortor, 

Mr.  W.  A.  Tower,  Ciipl.  (ieo.  A.  Fislier, 

Cien.  W.  W.  niaekniiir,  Mr.  Wendell  (iooclwin, 

Col.  W.  H.  Lonsj;,  Capt.  .John  Head, 

("ol.  (lias.  II.  Hooper,  Mr.  A.  W.  Ilolmrt, 

Mr.  .las.  Lawronco,  Major  William  P.  Shrove, 

Mr.  A.  G.  Hoiliies,  ('apt.  A.  K.  I'roetor, 

Col.  Nathaniel  Wales,  J.ieiit.  II.  (i.  O.  Colby. 

Mr.  Sanniel  Tnckernian,  Capt.  Edward  F.  Dovens, 

Capt.  C.  A.  Churchill,  Mr.  II.  (i.  I'arker, 

Mr.  Arthur  L.  Devcns,  Capt.  Chas.  A.  Campbell, 

Capt.  W.  A.  Couthouy,  IMr.  .lohn  B.  Draper, 

Mr.  M.  S.  r.  Williams,  Mr.  V.  (J.  Tease, 

Col.  Geo.  C.  Joslin,  Lieut.  An<,nistus  N.  Sampsun, 

Mr.  Otis  Kimball,  -Jr.,  Mr.  .lames  C.  Freeman, 

Col.  Louis  N.  Tueker,  Mv.  E.  1'.  Kennard, 

Col.  .lohn  C.  Whiton,  Mr.  F.  W.  Lincoln.  .Ir., 

Mr.  M.  A.  Ahlrich,  Mr.  G.  Henry  Williams, 

]\Ir.  J.  R.  Wolston,  Capt.  John  II.  Alley. 
Mr.  AVm.  M.  Taul, 

Si<;;iial  Corjjs. 

MASSACHUSETTS   VOLUNTEER  .MILITIA. 

Brown's  Brijiade  Band. 
The  First  Cori)s   of  Cadets  M.  V.  M.,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas 

F\  Edmands  connnandinjf. 
His    Excellency    Wii.i.iaji    Gaston,    (iovernor    and   Commandcr-iu- 

ChieC. 
The  Members  of  his  Staff,  namely  :  — 

Major  Gen.  -James  A.  Cunniuiiham,  Adjutant  General- 
Col.  Isaac  F.  Kingsl)ury,  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 
Col.  Albert  A.  llaggett,  Ass^staiJ  Inspector  General. 


54: 


CKNTEVXrAL    ANN! VKIJSAUV    OK   TIIK 


Wi'^.  (u'li.  I'.   \.  (  ..lliiis.  ,|,i(l,iiv  Advocatf  (;..|u'.|!il. 
Col.  Charlts  W    WihU'w  Assislniit  (^inrti'nii.'isliT  (It'iimil. 
Uiiu:.  (It'll.  Williiiiii  ,(.  Dill.',  S(ii-.'..ii  (irii.'ral. 
Col.  .IumIuiu  Jl.  Tri'iuhvi'll,  A.ssistMiit  .Siii<iCi)ii  (Iciicial. 
Col.    K(hviinl    lAiiiaii,   Col.   .Fanu'.s   A.    Uiiiiiiill.   Col.   JA'vi'ivtt    S, 
TiifkL'i'iiKin,  Col.  Edwiinl  (iniy.  Aids  to  Coiiiiii!iii(lcr-iii-CliU'r. 
Col.  Cieorjie  II.  Caiiii)lK'll,  Mililaiy  St'cri'lary. 
'I'lif  Siili'iu  BnissM  Hand. 
Tl.(>    Second   Cori.s   of   Cm.U'Is   M.    V.   M.,    Liiutcnant,   Colonel    A. 

I'arkcr  Hrowiu'  i-oniinandlnji. 
Major  (ienend    JJeiiJaniin    K.   Hullcr.  coniniandinu'    Division   IMassa- 

cliiiM'tls  Militia. 

Tile  Meiiiliers  (d"  his  Stall',  naiiielv  : 

Col.  Kd.-iar  J.  Sherniaii.  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 
Col.  Yorielv  (i.  Hiird,  Jledieal  Direetor. 
Lioiit.  Col.  Kdward  J.  .lones,  Assistant  Inspector  Ceiieral. 
Lieut.  Col.  (Jeor-ic  ,1.  Carney.  Assistant  (inarterinaister. 
Major  .lolin  W.  Kimliall.  Kiiiziiieer. 
Major  Holaiid  (i.  I'slier.  Aide-de-caniii. 
Miijor  ICdwin  L.  IJarnev.  .Iiidiic  Advocate. 
Tiiic    SkcuM)   ISui.i.vDK  M.   V.    M.,    liriuadier    (ieneial    (ieorue    H. 

I'eirsou  coiiiniandiiiL;. 

Tlie  Lynn  lirass  IJaiid. 

The  iMghth  Keoiment  of  Infantry,  Colonel  lieiijaniin   V.   IVaeli,  .Jr., 

coiiiiiiandin<>'. 
The  Sixth   I{o-inieiit  of  Infanlry,  Colonel   Melvin  IJeal  coniinandinj,'.      •♦ 

The  Fifth  IJeoinient  Hand. 
The  Fifth  Keginient  of  Infantry,  Colonel  K/ra  .1.  Trnll  comnmndinj.-. 

The  Lawrence  Hrass  Hand. 
The  Second  Hattalion  of  Lijiht  Artillery,  iNIajor  (ieorge  S.  Merrill 

ec^nniiandiiii;-. 
The  Dnnstahle  Cornet  Hand. 
Company  F,  Unattached  (  avairy,  Chelmsford,   Captain   Christopher 

Hohy  conimandinii-. 
The  FiiiST  BuKiAUK  M.  V.  M.,  Hri-adler  General   Isaac  S.  Hiirrell 

coinmandinii-. 


HATTIiK    OK    nUNKKIt    Ullil- 


55 


'I'lii-  N'intli  Kc^fiiiifiit   IJiiiid. 
Tlio  Ninth  Roj,niiu'iit  of  liiliiiitr.v,   Colcin-l  Iknwird  F.   F'miiii   coin- 

iiiiuitliii^. 

The  I'irsl  Ui'^imciit  Himd. 

'I'lic    Kirst    Uc<;iiiicnJ   »i'  liiliintry,  Coloiicl    Ilciiry  W.   Wilson   coni- 

nl!ln(lin•,^ 

Till'  'I'liinl  IJi'Miincnt  TiMnd. 

Till'  Tliird   l{i'j,nnicnt   <>r  Inljintrv.  Coimicl  Unidlbrd   D.   Ihivol  coni- 

niiindin^. 

Till'  Nntionnl  15:nid.  I'.nslon. 

Tlic  Second  I'.iittalion  of  Inliinlry.  .Miijor  Lewis  (iiuil  coininMndin;?. 

Till"  Woonsocliel  l>riiss  liiind. 
T'lio  First  Utittalion  of  l/iK'it   Aililleiy,  (':ii>tain  C'iiiirlcs  W.  IJaxtcr 

oonnuiuidin^. 

Till'  Clielseii  15r:iss  liunil, 

Tiic  First   r>Mtl!dion  of  {'iivjilry.  Ivieiilenaut  Colimol  John  11.  Hoberls 

I'onniiMndiiiL!:. 

TiiK  TmuD  IJitiiiADK  M.  V.  M.,  IJri^adier  (ieneral  Uohurt  II. 

C'hainl>eriain  couniiandinj;'. 

The  Ilnrironl  City  l?and. 

Tiie  Second  Uo-riment  of  Infantry,  Colonel  .loseph  IJ.  I'arsons  coni- 

inandinu;. 

RiehiU'dson's  IJand,  Worcostor. 

I'lii"    Tenth    Ki'siinicnt   of   Infantry,    Colonel    .lames     M.   Drcnnan 

connnandinjj;. 

The  AVorcester  National  Band. 

The     Fifth     Uattcry   of    Li-ilil   Artillery,    Captain    John    G.    Rico 

connnandins'. 


FIRST  DIVISION. 

Major  Henry  L.  Ili-riiinson,  Chief  of  Division. 
Aids:     Captain    .lolin    C.    .lones.    Assistant   Adjutant   General; 
Mr.    Henry    Iphani,    Mr.    Win.  15.  I'.aoon.  .Ir.,    Mr.    A.  C.  Tower, 
Mr.  Daniel  C.  IJacon,  Mr.  Frank  Seabnry. 


66 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEIJSARY    OF   THE 


This  division   wms    coini.oscd  of  military  oronnizations  from  otiicr 
States,  uaineiy  :  — 

The  Seventh  l{t>oi„u.,it  Band  and  Drum  Corps.  No\v  York. 

The  Seventli  KVgiment  National  Guard,  Slate  of  New  York,  Colonel 

Emmons  Claik  commanding. 

The  First  Regiment  Band,  Pennsylvania. 

The  First    Regiment    National   Cuard   of  rennsylvania,  Colonel  R. 

Dale  Lenson  commanding. 

The  Second  Regiment  Band,  I'emisylvania. 

The  Second  Regiment  National  (uiard  of  Rennsylvania,  Lieutenant 

Colonel  Ilarmanins  Nclf  commandino-. 

Ringold's  Band,  Reading,  Pa. 

The  State   Fencibles,     Philadelpliia,    Pa.,   Captain   John  W.   Ryan 

conunanding. 
McClurg's  Coinet  Band,  Philadelphia. 
The  Washington  Grays,  of  Philadelphia.    Captain  Louis  D.  Baugli 

commanding. 

Tile  Independence  Band,  Wilmington,  Del. 

The     Philadelphia    Gray     Inviueibles,     Captain    ,V    Oscar    Jones 

conunanding. 

The  American  Brass  Band.  Providence,  R.  I. 

The  First   RlK)de   Island  Light  Infiintry  Regiment,  Colonel  R.  IL  I. 

Goddard  commanding. 

The  National  ]5an<l,  I'rovidence,  R.  I. 

The   Meagher  (Juards.   Providence,  R.   1.,   Captain    Peter  JMcIlugh 

commanding. 

Colt's  Armory  Band,  Hartford,  Conn. 

The  Ilillyer  Guards,  Hartford.  Conn.,    Captain   John  T.   Sherman 

commanding. 

Repetti's  Band,  Washington.  D.  C. 

The  AVashington  Light  Lifantry.  AV/ishington,  1).  C.  Captain  William 

G.  I\[oore  conunanding. 
The  Governor  Straw  Rilles,  Jlanchester,    X.    H.,  Colonel   Jolm  J. 

Dillon  coiimiMuding. 
The    Mansliehl    Guard,    Aliddlelown.    Conn.,    Captain    R.    (;raham 

commandiu"-. 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKER  HILL.  57 

The  Marino  Band,  U.  S.  N.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Tlic    Fifth    Maryland    Roginiont,    Colonel    J.    Strieker    Jenkins 

commanding. 


SECOND  DIVISION. 

Colonel  Henry  R.  Sibley,  Cliief  of 

Aids  :  Captain  George  R.  Kelso,  Assistant  Adjutant  General ;  Mr. 
Retire  H.  Parker,  Mr.  John  li.  Dee,  Mr.  George  T.  Childs,  Mr. 
Edwin  F  Peirce. 

This  division  included  the  City  Government  of  Boston,  the  Guests 
of  the  City,  the  State  Government  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  Guests 
of  the  State,  in  carriages.     The  formation  was  as  follows  :  — 

Edmands'  Military  Band,  with  Drum  Corps. 

Companies   D    and  E,  Fifth   Artillery,   U.   S.   A.,    Brevet    Major 

General  Richard  Arnold,  U.  S.  A.,  commanding. 

City  Government  and  Guests. 

His  Honor  Samuel  C.   Cobb,   Mayor   of  Boston  ;    and  His  Honor 

William  II.  Wickham,  Mayor  of  New  York. 

General  Fitz  John  Porter,  Commissioner  of  Public  Works,  New  York  ; 

Colonel  E.  L.  Gaul,  Secretary  to  the  Mayor  of  New  York  ; 

Nelson  H.  Tappan,  the  Comptroller  of  New  York. 

Aldermen   John    T.    Clark    and    Thomas   B.   Harris;     His   Honor 

R.  L.  Fulton,  Mayor  of  Galveston,  Texas ;  and  Colonel  Etting, 

representing  His  Honor  William  S.  Stokely,  Mayor 

of  Philadelphia 

Aldermen  S.  B.  Stebbins  and  S.  M.  Quincy  ;  His  Honor  Peter  Jones, 

Mayor  of  Jacksonville,  Fla. ;  and  His  Honor  Joshua  L.  Simons, 

Mayor  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Alderman  James  Power,  and  Ilalsey  J.  Boardman,  Esq.,  President  of 

the  Conunon  Council ;  His  Honor  W.  P.  Conncrlay,  Mayor  of 

Wilmington,  N.  C. ;  and  His  Honor  R.  M.  Richardson, 

]Mayor  of  Portland,  Me. 

Councilmen  PMwin  Sibley  and  Isaac  P.  Clarke  ;  His  Honor  Henry  G. 

Lewis,  Mayor  of  New  Haven,  Conn.  ;  and  His  Honor  Alpheus 

Gay,  Mayor  of  Manchester,  N.  H. 


68 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVERSAllY    OF   THE 


Couiicilmoii  Francis  II.  Poaboily  nnd  .Tolm  N.  Dovoroux  ;  Aldoiniiiii 

I^Inckoy  of  Cliarlcstoii,  S.  C. ;  and  Hon.  William  IJiglcr  of 

Philadelphia,  Financial  Agent  Centennial  Conunission. 

Conneilnien  Eugene  11.  Sampson  and  Curtis  (Uiild;  General  Joseph 

R.  Hawley,  President  of  the  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission  ;  and 

Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Esq.,  Director  General  U.  S.  Centennial 

Connnission. 
Hon.   Daniel   J.   Morrell,   Chairman    Executive   Committee   U.   8. 
Centennial  Commission  ;  Dr.  IJuckminster  lirown,   husband  of 
the  grand-daughter  of  General  Joseph  "Warren  ;  W.-irren  Put- 
nam Newcomb,  great-great-grandson  of  General  "Warren 
and  General  I'utnam  ;  and  Dr.  Edward  AVarren. 
Ilis  Honor  Henry  L.  "Williams,  INIayor  of  Salem ;  His  Honor  Isaac 
Bradford,  Mayor  of  Cambridge  ;  His  Honor  Abraham  H. 
Ilowland,  Mayor  of  Ne\y  Bedford ;  and  His  Honor 
Jacob  M.  ":    svis.  Mayor  of  Lynn. 
His  Honor  D.  F.  Atkinson,  Mayor  of  Newburyport ;  His  Honor  H.  H. 
Tewksbury,  Mayor  of  Lawrence  ;  His  Honor  James  F.  Davenport, 
Mayor  of  Fall  River  ;  and  His  Honor  Charles  H.  Person, 
Maj-or  of  Chelsea. 
His  Honor  George  II.  Babbitt,  Mayor  of  Taunton  ;  His  Honor  Wm. 
H.  Furber,  Mayor  of  Somerville  ;    His  Honor  W.  B.  Pearsons, 
Mayor  of  Holyoke  ;  and  His  Honor  Robert  R.  Fears, 
Mayor  of  Gloucester. 
His  Honor  James  F.  C.   Hyde,   ISIayor  of  Newton  ;    Hon.  Charles 

Francis  Adams ;  and  Hon.  "William  (iray. 
Mr.  Ralph  "Widdo  Emerson,   Hon.  Ebenezer  Rockwood  Hoar,  Mr. 

Jcsep'i  Hej  wood,  of  Concord,  and  Hon.  Otis  Norcross. 
Mr.   W.    H.   Munroe,  of  Lexington ;    Hon.   Josiah    (^uincy,   Hon. 

Alexander  II.  Rice,  and  Hon.  Joseph  M.  Wightman. 
Dr.  J.   V.  C.  Smith,  Mr.  John  Cunnuings,  of  Wobnrn ;  Hon.  J.  J. 

Clarke,  and  Hon.  Linus  B.  Comins. 
Hon.    Geo.    Lewis,    Hon.  S.  S.    Sleei)er,    Mr.  Josepli    AV.  Tucker, 

and  Hon.  E.  L.  Norton. 

Hon.   Liverus  Hull.   Hon.  P.  .1.  Stone,   Hon.  .las    Adams,  and  His 

Honor  Alplieus  Cuvriei'.  Mayor  of  Havi'rhill. 


BATTLE   OP   BUNKER   HILL. 


59 


Moinbors  of  tlie  City  Council  of  Boston  (not  incUuled  in  the  Com- 
mittee of  AiTiUiffements) ,  anil  lieails  of  City  Departments. 
Tlie  American  IJanil  of  Cambridge. 
The  National  Lancers,  Cai)tain  Cyrus  C.  Emery  commanding. 
The  State  Government  and  Guests. 
Hon.  Henry  Wilson,  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  ;  Hon. 
George    B.    Loring,   President  of   the   Massachusetts   Senate; 
Mr.  Justice  Strong,  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court ; 
and  Rev.  W.  E.  Strong,  of  Roxbury. 
Ilon.WillardP.  Phillips,  of  Salem  ;  Mr.  SanuielMay,  of  Leicester  ;  His 
Excellency  Stoi)hen  Preston,  the  Haytien  Minister;  and 
His   Excel       y  Senor  Don  Francisco  Gonzales 
Errazuriz,  the  Chilian  Minister. 
General  William  T.  Sherman,  Major  General  Irwin  McDowell,  Col. 
J.C.  Audenried,  of  Gen.  Sherman's  staff;  and 
Hon.  E.  D.  Winslow. 
Bvt.  ISIajor  (ieneral  Nelson  A.  INIiles,  5th  Infantry  U.  S.  A. ;  Bvt. 
Brigadier  General  O.  M.   Poe,  U.  S.   A.  ;  Bvt.  Brigadier 
General  J.  E.  TourtcUotte,  of  General  Sherman's  staff; 
and  Bvt.  Major  General  E.  W.  Ilinks. 
General  T.  J.  Haines,  Col.  Theodore  T.  S.  Laidley,  Captain  W.  R. 

Livennore,  and  C.  E.  Jewctt. 

Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin,  United  States  Senator  from  Maine  ;   Hon. 

Thomas  W.  Ferry,  United  States  Senator  from  INIichigan ; 

Hon.  George  S.  Boutwell,  United  States  Senator 

from  Massachusetts  ;  and  Mr.  Enoch  H. 

Towne,  of  Worcester. 

Gen.  Thomas   Kilby  Smith,  of  Gen.  Sherman's  staff;  Hon.  C.  P. 

Thompson,  Hon.  B.  W.  Harris,  and  Hon.  Rufus  S.  Frost, 

Representatives  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts. 

Hon.  Eugene  Hale,  and  Hon.  John  II.  Burleigh,  Representatives  in 

Congress  from  IMaine ;  Hon.  John  K.  Tarbox,  Rei)resentative 

in    Congress    from    IMassacliusetts ;     and 

Judge  Waldo  Colburn. 

Chandler's  Band,  of  Portland. 

The  Portland  Cadets,  Cajitaiu  N.  D.  Winslow  commanding, 

escorting 


60  CJiNTEKNIAL   ANNIVEltSAIlY   OF   THE 

His  Excellency  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr.,  Governor  of  Maine,  and  staff; 

Speaker  Thomas,  of  the  Maine  House  of  Representatives,   and 

Hon.  Francis  D.  Stednian,  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate. 

His  Excellency  Person  C.   Cheney,  Governor  of  New  Hampshire, 

and  staff. 

Drum  Corps. 

First  Company  Governor's  Foot  Guard  of  Hartford,  Major  John  C. 

Parsons  commanding', 

escorting 

His  Excellency  Charles  R.  Ingersoll,  Governor  of  Connecticut,  and 

staff;  General  Walter  Harriman,  U.  S.  Naval  Officer,  and 

General  A.  B.  Underwood,  U.  S.  Surveyor,  of  Boston. 

His  Excellency  Henry  S.  Lippitt,  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and 

staff. 

His  Excellency  Joseph  D.  Bedle,  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  staff; 

and  Hon.  T,  J.  Dacey,  of  the  Slassachusetts  Senate. 

The  first  troop  of  City  Cavalry,  Philadelphia, 

escorting 

His  Excellency  John  F.  Hartranft,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and 

staff,  mounted. 
His  Excellency  Adelbert  Ames,  Governor  of  Mississippi ;  His  Excel- 
lency J.  D.  Bagley,   Governor  of  Michigan ;  Hon.  George  F. 
Shepley,  Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court ;  and  Hon. 
George  P.  Sanger,  U.  S.  District  Attorney. 
Mr.  Chief  Justice  Gray  and  Associate  Justices  Wells,  Endicott  and 

Ames,  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts. 
Col.  George  L.  Browne,  of  the  Old  fiuard,  State  Fencibles  of  Phila- 
delphia ;  ex-Gov.  Emory  Washburn  ;  Hon.  Wm.  A.  Simmons, 
Collector  of  the  port  of  Boston. 
Lieut.-Gov.  Horatio  G.  Knight,  and  Hon.  Geo.  Whitney,  Hon.  Seth 

Turner  and  Hon.  Geo.  O.  Brastow,  of  the  Executive  Council, 
Hon.  E.  H.  Brewster,  Hon.  Alden  Leland,  Hon.  J.  K.   Baker  and 

Hon.  E.  H.  Dunn,  of  the  Executive  Council. 

Ho%  R.  Couch  ;  Senator  Wm.  H.  Phillips  of  Berkshire  ;  and  Senator 

Geo.  A.  Davis,  of  Essex. 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKEll   HILL. 


61 


Hon.  Oliver  Warner,  Seeretary  of  State;  Hon.  Charles  Adams,  Jr., 

Treasurer  and  Receiver-General ;  Hon.  Charles  Endicott,  Audi- 

*    tor  ;  and  Hon.  Charles  R.  Train,  Attorney-General. 

Mr.  Charles  Hale  of  the   House ;   Ensign  H.  Kellogg,  Charles   A. 

Phelps,  ex-Speakers  of  the  House  of  Representatives  ;  and  Col. 

Joseph  A.  Harwood,  of  the  Senate. 

The  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 

General  Court  of  Massachusetts. 


THIRD     DIVISION. 
Colonel  Charles  E.  Fuller,  Chief  of  Division. 


AIDS. 


Col.  F.  R.  Appleton,  Assistant  Adjutant  General ;  Col.  S.  D.  Warren, 

Jr.,  Col.  J.    H.   Welles,   Capt.   Roswell   C.    Downer, 

Lieut.  Henry  E.  Warner,  Col.  J.  L.  Baker. 

This  division  was  composed  of  the  following  organizations  :  — 

The  Massachusetts  Commandery  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion  of  the  United  States,  under  command  of  Gen.  Francis  W. 
Palfrey,  accompanied  by  Major  General  A.   E.   Burnside. 
[On  the  top  of  the  staff  which  bore  their  banner  was  perclied 
a  solid  silver  eagle,  which  was  presented  to  the  New 
England  Guards,  by  Arnold  Wells,  in  1812.   It 
was  carried  by  the  Guards  at  the  laying  of 
the  corner-stone  of  Bunker  Hill  Monu- 
ment, 1825,  and  again  at  the 
completion  of  the  Monu- 
ment, 18-13.]  «t 
The  Bunker  Hill  Monument  Association,  in   carriages;   President 
George  Washington  Warren ;  with  Hon.  Charles 
Devens,  Jr.,  the  orator  of  the  day. 


f :' 

1 


62  CENTENNIAL   ANNIVERSAUY   OF   THE 

The  Oflicers  of  (lie  ( Jniiid  Lod^o  oC  Miisonw  in  Miissacliusotts,  PoiX'ival 
L.   Kvcrott,  (inind  .Mastor.     [Tlic  (iraiiil  Master  wore  tlic  apron 
whicli   belonged    t(j  General  Josepli   Warren    at   the    time 
of  his  death.     Dr.  Winslow  Lewis,  Deputy  Grand 
blaster,    wore   the    ai)ron    onee   belonging   to 
(Jen.    Lafayette,    and   which    was    worn 
at   the    Liying   of    the    corner-stone 
of  Bnnker  Hill  Monument.] 
The  carriage  formerly  belonging  to  Governor  Eustis,  and  in  which 
Lafayette  was  accustomed  to  ride  when  he  was  his  guest, 
occupied  by  Mr.  AVilliam  E.  Baker,  the  present 
owner,  and  by  Hon.  ^Marshall  V.  Wilder, 
President  of  tlie  New  England 
Historic-Genealogical 
Societj'. 
The    Now    England    Historic-Genealogical    Society,   in    carriages. 
Delegates:    Hon.    Israel  Washburn,   Jr.,    Maine;    W,    R. 
Towne,    Esq.,    New   Hampshire ;    Hon.    William 
Hill,   ^Vrmont;    Hon.  John   I.    Bartlctt, 
Rhode   Island. 
The   American   Antiquarian   Society   of  Worcester,   in   a  carriage. 
Delegates:  S.    F.    Haven,    Esq.,     Dr.     Joseph 
Sargent,  Dr.  Kufus  Woodward, 
Dr.  Nathaniel  Paine. 
Pilgrim  Association  of  Plymouth.     Delegates  :  W.  T.  Davis,  Presi- 
dent;  I.  N.  Stoddard,  AV.  S.  Danforth,  E.  C. 
Shernuin,  W.  H.  Whitman. 
The    Massachusetts     Society    of    the     Order    of    the    Cincinnati. 
Forty  delegates  in  carriages,  under  President 
Admiral  H.  K.  Thatcher. 
Eliot  Band  of  Boston. 
The    Massacluisctts    Charitable    ]\[echanics'   Association,  President 

Natlianiel  Adams. 
Massachusetts  Veterans  of  1812.     Assceiation  represented  by  Major 

Nathan  Warren. 
The  Boston  Charitable  Irish  Society,  Bernard  Corr,  President. 


!; 


» 


HATTLB    OF   BUTSTKEU   IHLL. 


G3 


FOIIIITII   DIVISION. 

Col.  ThoH.  L.  hivcriiiore,  Chief  of  Division. 

AIDS. 

Col.  Ch.irlcs  E.  Ilapgood,  Assistant  Acljutftnt  General ;  Col.  Thonms 

E.  Barker,  Col.  Daniel  K.  Cross,  Major  Benj.  F.  Weeks, 

Major  Geo.  E.  Eayerweather. 

This  division  was  eonii)ose(l  of  veteran  or<j;anizations  formed  into  a 

Brigade,  under  the  connnand  of  Major  Dexter  11.  FoUett,  as 

follows :  — 

The  Germania  Band  of  Boston. 

The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company,  organized  in  1C38, 

Major  General  Nathaniel  P.  Banks  oonnnanding. 

The  Redwood  Band  of  Newport,  It.  I. 

The  Newport   (U.   I.)   Artillery  Veteran  Association,  organized  in 

1741,  Colonel  Julius  Sayer  conmianding,  accompanied 

by  olHcers  of  the  Newport  Artillery  Company. 

The  United  States  Naval  Band  of  Portsmouth,  N.  II. 

The  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Veteran  Artillery  Company,  organized  in 

177;'),  Col.  E.  E.  Stone  commanding. 

The    Saunders    Band    of    Peabody,    Mass. 

The  Salem  (Mass.)  Light  Infantry  Veteran  Association,  organized  in 

180."),  Col.  John  F.  Fellows  commanding. 

The  Veteran  Association  Band  of  Providence. 

The  First  Light  Infantry  Veteran  Association  of  Providence,  R.  I., 

organized  in  1818,  Major-Cieneral  W.  W.  Brown  commanding. 

The  Veteran  Seventh  Regiment  Band,  New  York. 

The  Veteran  National  Guard,  7th  Regiment,  State  of  New  York, 

Colonel    Marshall    Lefferts    commanding. 

The  Manchester  (N.  II.)  Cornet  Band. 

The  Amoskeag  Veterans,  of  Manchester,  N.  H.,  Major  George  C. 

Gilmore  conunauding. 

The  Putnam  Phalanx  Drum  Corps. 

The     Putnam    Phalanx,    <>f    llartfoid,    Couni'cticut,    Major    Henry 

Kenr-eib  commanding. 


64 


CENTEXNIAL   AXNIVERSARY   OF   THE 


Downiiig's  Niiitli  llogiincnt  Band,  of  Now  York. 
The  Old  Guard,  of  Now  York,  Major  G.  W.  ]\IcLean  coiinnanding, 

Accompanied  by 
Bvt.  Brigadier  General  Washington  Hadle^',  J.  T.  Howe,  Esq.,  Major 

J.  W.  !ia/let,  anil  C.  1).  FretU'ricks,  Esq. 

The  Washington  Liglit  Infantry,  of  Cliarloston,  S.  C,  Major  R.  C. 

Gilchrist,  First  Lieutenant,  conunanding, 

Accompanied  b}' 

Col.    Thomas    Y".    Simons,    Col.   A.   O.    Andrews,    J.    Lawrence 

Honour,  Es(i. 
The  Norfolk  Light  Artillery  Blues,  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  four  guns.  Cap- 
tain James  W.  Gilmer  connnaudiug. 
Carriages  containing,  as  guests  of  the  Blues,  Gen.  Fitz  Hugh  Lee,  who 
commanded  a  division  of  Confederate  cavahy  during  the  late  war  ; 
Col.  Walter  H.  Taylor,  who  was  Adjutant  General  to  Gen. 
Robert  E.  Lee  ;  Col.  Stark,  who  commanded  Norfolk 
troops  ;  Capt.  E.  B.  White,  who  was  of  the  Con- 
federate   Navy ;     Mr.    M.   Glennan    of    tiie 
Norfolk  Virginian;  and  C.  E.  Perkins  of 
the  Norfolk  Landmark. 
Drum  Corps. 
Old     Columbians,    organized     in     17it2,     Capt.     Michael     Doherty 

conamanding. 

Ameabur}'  Veteran  Artillery  Association  Band. 

The  Amesbury  and  Salisbur}-  Veteran  Association,  Capt.  Newell  Boyd 

commanding. 

Decorated  carriage,  containing  twelve  old  sailors,  and  also  a  piece 

of  ordnance  cast  in   1736,  and  taken  from  Fort  Point  channel. 


FIFTH  DIVISION. 

Chief  of  Division,  Gen.  J.  Gushing  Edrnands. 

AIDS. 

Col.   Edward  B.  Blasland,  Assistant  Adjutant  General ;  Capt.  T.  R. 

Matthews,  Gen.  E.  Blakeslee,  Lieut.  Wm.  II.  Bird, 

Lieut.  C.  M.  Haley. 


BATTLK    OF   BUNKER   HILL.  65 

Atncriciiii  Bund  of  Boston. 
Lexington  Miiuito  Men,  Acting  iMiiJor,  K.  L.  Zsilinski,  II.  S.  A. 
Boston  Seliool  Regiment  J)nim  Corps. 
Boston  School  Keginient,  Colonel  William  B.  Lnwreucc  commanding. 
The  Latin  School  Battalion,  Major  Edward  Koljinson  commanding. 
First  Battalion  Knglish  High  Scliool,  ^lajor  K.  ('.  Wilde  conmianding. 
Second    Battalion,  English   High  School,  Major  George    Nickerson 

commanding. 
The  Highland  Battalion,  ISIajor  A.  L.  Jacobs  connnanding. 

Drnm  Corps. 
The  Cambridge  Cadets,  of    East   Cambridge,  Capt.   E.    A.  Coouey 

commanding. 

Drum  Corps. 

The  Chelmsford  Minute  IMen,  of  Chelmsford,  Jlass. 

The  Boston  Caledonian  Club,  John  Stark,  Chief.  j 

The    Tliorndike    Horse   Guards,    of    Beverly,    Captain     Hugh    Hill 

commanding. 
Tlie     Magouu     Battery,     of     IMedford,    Captain     Charles     Russell 

commanding. 
The  Franco-Belgian  Benevolent  Society,  in  barouches,  with  American, 
French  and  Belgian  colors. 
The  Boston  Highland  Benevolent  Association,  in  a  barj^e. 


SIXTH  DIVISION. 

Chief  of  Division,  Charles  B.  Fox. 

AIDS. 

Col.  Francis  S.  Ilesseltine,  Major  Cyrus  S.  Haldeman,  Major  Frank 

Goodwin,  Lieutenants  Henry  D.  Tope,  and  Wni.  Chickering. 
Charles  Russell  Lowell  Post  No.  7,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Boston,  Thomas  M. 

Kenney,  commander. 

Berry's  Band  of  Lowell. 

Benjamin    F.    Butler    Post   No.    42,    of    Lowell,    G-    W.    Huntoon, 

conunander. 


GG 


CENTKXNTAL    AXNIVEllSAllY   OF   TIIK 


Stoncli'iiu  Hnisw  Uand. 
Kadiant  Star  Council  No.  '),  Order  of  liiitcd  AiiKMicnn  Mechanics  of 

South   Uoston,  C'oiiimaiider  Kdward  Isaacs. 

Deh'jiates  from  Hay  Slate  Comicil  No.    1,   of  Boston;  Hunker  Mill 

Council  >[o.  2,  of  Cliarlestowii ;   Hijih  Kock  Council  No.  O,  of 

Lvnn  i  Harvard  Council  No.  0,  t)f  Canibridiio  ;  Israel  rutnani 

Council  No.  10,  of  Boston  ;  Niagara  Council  No.  11,  of 

Salem  :  Warren  Council  No.  IM,  of  Lynn  ;  Abraham 

Lincoln  Council  No.  11,  of  Somorville  ;  Saf^a- 

niore  CoimcilNo.  \!^,  of  Saugus  ;  lloxbury 

Council  No.  17,  of  Hoston  Highlands  ; 

all  memberH  of  the  ().  V.  A.  M. 

organization. 

Delegates  from    the   Junior  Order    United    American    Mechanics  of 

Massachusetts. 

Representatives  of  the  National  and  Massachusetts  State  Councils, 

O.  U.  A.  M.,  in  barouclics. 

Bond's  Brass  Band,  of  Boston. 

Ivanhoe    Lodge,   Knights    of    Tythias    No.     i;5,    of    Charlestown, 

T.  W.  Paine,  connnander. 
Delegates  from  Washington  Lodge  No.  10,  of  South  Boston  ;  Common- 
wealth Lodge  No.iy,  of  Boston  ;   King  Solomon  Lodge  No.  1«, 
of  Boston;  Socrates  Lodge  No.  '21,  of  Soutli  Boston ;  Old 
Colony  Lodge  No.  43,  of  Abington  ;  SLattapan  Lodge 
No.  44,  of  Dorchester;  all  Knights  of  Pythias, 
American  Brass  Band  of  Suncook,  N.  IL 
Oriental    Lodge,    Knights    of    Pythias,    of  Suncook,     N.    IL, 
II.    I).    Wood,    commander. 
Johnson's  Drum  Corps. 
Colored  Veteran  Association,  ISIajor  Burt  Smith  commanding. 
Delegates   from  the  Colored  Vi'teran  Association  of  Norfolk,  Va., 
accompanied  by  Inspector  (ieneral  J.  ISIullen,  of  the  (;rand  Army 
Order  of  Virginia,  anil  North  and  South  Carolina. 


HATT1.K    OK    nUNIvKIl    IIIIJ,. 


C7 


SKVKXTII    DIVISION, 
•lohn  T.  Htimrick,  Cliii^f  of  Division. 


AMIS. 


Edward    Uilcy,    AssiMUiit   Adjiituut.    (li'iu'ml ;     PiitricU    O'lliordeii, 
Dennis  Crowli-y,  .hinii-s  II.  Loniliiird,  'rimotiiy  C.  Mulioncy, 
Dimicl  li^'trfni.'in.  * 
Tiiis   divi.sion  was   coniposod   of  Catiiolic   Bciicvolcnt    Soeiotics,  as 

follows :  — 

O'Connor's  mounted  Hand. 

Knifjflits  of  St.   Tatrick,   i-onijiosod  of  two  nionntcd  companies,  one 

from  lloston,  Capt.  Lyons  oonnnandin<>: ; 

Another  from  Lawrence,  Mass.,  'riinothy  Daecy  conunandinj?. 

Company  A,   of  tiic    Le}j;ion  of  St.    I'atriek,  (Jen.  .).   II.    Ilenchon 

eonnnandinfi'. 

The   United  Association  of  American    Ililierniaus  of  South  Boston, 

John  McCalfrey,  Cliief  Murslial. 

Union  lirass  Haml  of  Lynn. 

St.  Joseph  Cadets,  Captain  J.  V.  Lyneli  eonnnandinj?. 

St.  Joseph  Drum  Corps. 

Ancient  Order  of  Ililternians  in  several  divisions,  namely  :  — 

Division  No.  1,  of  Hoston,  Lawrence  Donovan  connnaniUng. 

Belknap  Brass  Band,  of  Quincy. 

Division  No.  2,  of  East  Boston,  John  C.  McDevitt  connnandinf?. 

Division  No.  ;i,  of  Jamaica  Tlain.  I).  J.  Cnrley  commandin<?. 

Brookline  Band. 

Division  No.  4,  of  Boston.  J.  J.  Lcevens  commanding. 

Brookline  Hibernian  Band. 

Division  No.  5,  of  Salem,  Timothy  Foley  commanding. 

Lynn  Cornet  Band. 

Division  No.  8,  Jamaica  Plain,  James  :McMorrow  commanding. 

Dcletiation  of  the  American  Society  of  Ilihernians  in  a  l)arouche. 


^T 


(J8 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVKIJSAKV   OK   TIIK 


KKillTII  DIVISION. 


John  O'llrk'ii,  ('liicf  of  Division. 

AlltS. 

Liiwrcncc  V.  Furlonj;,  Assistant  Adjutant  Gonoral ;  Patiick  Coylo,  J. 

M.  O'Noil,  A.  J.  Pliillip,  L.  C.  Dnj-im  ;  Orderly,  John  Cnlftnan. 

Ililicriiiii  IJriisM  Hand,  IS'atick. 

Fulton  C'a(U'ts,  Cai)t.  J.  J.  I'.arrv  connuandinj!;. 

St.    Vak'ntino   C'adots,    two  companies,   Major   Tiioinas    Kelley 

connnandin^. 

St.  Valentine  Total  Al)stinen('e  Soeiety.  Marshal,  T.  H.  Good. 

Cathedral  Cadets,  Cai)tain  M.  Mahoney  coniinaiidin'i. 

Drum  Corps. 

Father    Mathew    Cadets,    Maiden,    Captain    D.    J.    Murpliy 

connnandinjj. 
Loyola  Temperance   Cadets,  Melrose,  Captain  James  C.    Camphell 

conniianding. 

Ilij^hland  Drum  Corps. 

Cathedral  Temperance  Society,  IVIarshal,  J.  J.  Nolan. 

St.  Joseph  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Marshal.  Jeremiah  Shcehy. 

Father  IMathew  Drum  Corps. 

Father   Mathew  Total    Abstinence   Society,   Lynn, 

Marshal,  Joseph  Murphy. 

South  Boston  Division,   Total   Abstinence   Society, 

Marshal,    K.   J.   Flaherty. 

Drum  Corps. 

Gate  of  Heaven  Cadets,  Colonel  K.  Ilaynes  commanding;. 

Drum  Corps. 

St.  Vincent's  Total  Abstinence  Society,  JLarshal,  D.  Faliey, 

Saxonville  Brass  Band,  with  Drum  Corps. 

Saints  Peter  and  Paul  Total  Abstinence  Society, 

Marshal,  William  Ward. 

Drum  Cori)s. 

St.  Augustine  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Marshal,  IVfichael  Creed. 

South   Boston   Young   Men's   Total    Abstinence   Society, 

Marshal,  C.  J.  Ford. 


BATTLK    OF    HUNKKK    lULL.  G9 

St.  .laiiics  'ri'iiipiirmicii  Dniiii  (.'orps. 
St.  JuiiioH  Total  Alisliiicnco  Society,  MiifHlial,  Jiimcs  Cotter. 

Dnirn  Corps. 

St.    .Tiiiiu's    Yoimj;    Moil's  Total    Ahstinonco   Society, 

Marshal,  L.  .J.  Crowley. 

Driiiii  Corps. 

Saint    Hose    Total    Ahstiiieiieo   and    Ileiievolent   Society,    Chelsea, 

Marshal,  Daniel  McGivern. 

Saint  Rose  Cadets,  Chelsea,  Captain  Wni.  Evans  connnandin<j;. 

St.  Stephen  Drum  Corps. 

Saint    Stephen  "(inard  of  Honor"  (Jadels,   Major  J.   II.  Flaherty 

eonnnandin<r. 

Independent  Band,  East  Hoston. 

St.  Stephens  Total  Alistinenco  Society,  Marshal,  John  II.  Kohen. 

East  IJoston  Total  Aiistineuco  Soeiety,  Marslial,  1'.  .1.  Flanagan. 


NINTH    DIVISION. 
Levi  L.  Willcutt,  Esq.,  Chief  of  Division. 

AIDS. 

Major  Charles  B.  Whitteniore,  Assistant  Adjutant  General ;    Captain 

Fred  K.  Shattnck,  Mr.  Nelson  V.  Titus,  TNIr.  Charles  K.  Curtis, 

Mr.   Eraneis  II.  Willcutt,  Mr.   Henjaiuin  W.  Parker,  Mr. 

George    L.    Damon,    Mr.  ^Willijim    B.    I'earce,   Mr. 

Charles  M.  Dunlap,  Mr.  Alfred  S.  Taylor. 

This  division  was  composed  of  representations  from  the  merchants, 
mechanics  jiiid  manufacturers  of  Boston.  Although  the  proposition 
to  make  such  a  display  was  not  acted  upon  until  a  few  days  l)efore 
the  celebration  was  to  take  place,  it  was  the?  entered  into  with  such 
entiuisiasm  as  to  produce  the  most  gratifying  result.  Tiie  extent  and 
variety  of  the  exhibition  has  never  l)ecn  equalled  in  this  country. 
There  were  two  hundred  and  thirty-tliree  business  houses  and  manu- 
factories represented  by  four  hundred  and  twenty -one  teams,  fifteen 
hundred  and   eighty-seven   harnessed   horses,   and    twelve   hundred 


70 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEKSAKY   OF   TIIK 


men.  Most  of  the  toaius  wore  liiiiulwoiiicly  dccoiiitod,  and  many  of 
tlicm  bore  inseriptions  of  a  patriotic  or  linmoroiis  cliaracter.  The 
wagons  were  loath'd  with  the  arliek's  soUl  or  i)ro(hieed  by  the  exliibit- 
ors.  and  in  some  eases  witli  workmen  wiio  apju-ared  in  tlie  exereiso 
of  their  vocation. 

Tlie  fniest  exliibitions  werMna(U'l)y  the  fnrnitnre-dealers,  piano  and 
orjrau  nianufaetnrers,  glass-biowers,  h'atlier-dealers,  grocers,  brewers, 
Itakers,  and  florists.  Tlie  l)rewers  appeared  with  fifty  wagons  e-id  one 
luinch'cd  and  eiglit  Ikh'scs  ;  tlie  fnrnitnre-cU'alers  with  thirty-sis  wapnr 
and  eigiitv-six  horses ;  the  piano  and  organ  mannfactnrers  with 
twentv-eight  wagons  and  ninety  horses  —  one  lirm  ahnie  having 
twelve  fonr-horse  teiims  ;  iind  the  leather-ilealers  with  nineteen  wagons 
and  lifty-two  horses.  The  fnrniture-dealers  and  the  bakers  were 
preceded  by  bands  of  nnisie. 

This  division  closed  tlic  i)rocessi()n.  Tlirougliout  the  route 
the  sidewalks  and  fronts  of  buildings  were  crowded  with 
spectators.  In  many  places  where  there  were  vacant  lots, 
platforms  or  tiers  of  scats  had  been  erected  and  were  let  at 
high  prices.  From  an  official  return  obtained  from  the  several 
pteam  railway  companies  whose  cars  enter  the  city,  it  appears 
that  the  number  of  persons  brought  into  the  city  in  that  Avay 
during  the  day  was  one  hundred  and  forty  thousand.  If  we 
add  to  tlii.s  the  number  of  persons  who  arrived  previous  to  that 
day,  and  the  number  of  our  own  citizens  who  were  called  out 
by  the  display,  it  is  evident  that  the  procession  was  essed 

by  not  less  than  iive  himdred  thousand  people.  The  chief 
officers  of  the  City  and  State,  and  their  distinguished  guests, 
were  greeted  with  cheers  and  shouts  of  welcome  as  they  passed 
alonsT  the  ci'owded  streets. 

The  scene  on  Columbus  avenue,  as  the  long  column  of  troops 
passed  up  from  Dartmouth  street,  was  especi;  '^y  grand  and  im- 
posing. The  houses  were  all  richly  decorated  with  flags,  ban- 
ners, shields,  pictures  and  mottoes.  At  the  head  of  the  ave- 
nue, where  the  processiou  turned  into  Chester  park,  a  large 


III 


BAT'.'iE   OF   BUNICER  HILL. 


71 


ornamented  stand  liad  been  erected,  with  seats  rising  one  above 
another  to  a  great  height.  The  upper  seats  Averc  occupied 
entirely  by  school  children,  who  waved  miniature  flags  as  the 
troops  passed  along,  keeping  time  in  their  motions  with  the 
music  of  the  bands. 

The  time  occupied  l)y  the  procession  in  passing  a  given  point 
(all  delays  being  deducted)  was  three  hours  and  fifty  minutes. 


1  -ii 


A    *>• 


F 


VI 


SERVICES  ON  BUNKER  HILL. 


I    V' 


\   1 


I  III? 


!•    -'       I 


HL.NkKK    II 1 1. 1., 
llJr.iuu     y  1  l/Ul.N  A    AliHl  s      l-ii^'i..\i.l  liy  A.  V.  b.  AMl(u.\V.| 


hl^Viri"-^  '):. 


.-  '      ■■>    \'.-u\       -    I",        ..      !■■•    1,,!.!     ; 


,t     •■•■ 


■  ,-,      .  ,.     '\:\    r.        ii;-  .!•  •    i^    .;  . 


H, 


M.    II         1 


'!      ■       .;":';M1.  >  'in  ,i!     ,\  .:  ■     i.'.  I'i.  ,•:' 


'1-: 


..)■. 


'   I.     1.1 


ii;iv  111 


1[ 


^^■■i 


..,Ss*HiM 


::t^'^P!i 


,«■■  .«'i<^;^*...ii«;fr5.^^___,^. 


d 


{-■    ■■•.•a.J,  ,   t.TiS'v 


.,-*,r.-      ■ 


SERVICES  ON  mmm  ihll. 


Tmk  services  on  liunker  Hill  were  lieid  in  u  l:ir<rc  p.-ivilion, 
erected  on  tlie  soiitlicrly  side  of  IJie  Moninnent  jirroiind.s.  The 
civic  portion  of  the  procession  rciciied  tlie  hill  iihout  u  (jiiurter 
hefore  six  o'clock,  and  the  seats  in  the  pavilion  were  soon 
lilled.  The  i)liitforni,  which  faced  the  ^ronuinciit,  Wiis  occn- 
pied  l.y  the  dislin-iiishod  .i-'uests  of  the  xAIonument  Association, 
the  City,  and  the  State. 

At  six  o'clock  Colonel  IlKxitv  AVAUiKi:,  Chief  [Marshal  of 
the  Association,  called  the  company  to  order,  and  said  : — 

Ladies  and  Gentlmen:  —J  have  the  pleasure  of 
iuti-odiicing  to  you  Hon.  (ieoi-ge  AV'ashino-ton  Wan-en 
as  President  of  the  liunker  iriU  :\ronument  Association 
and  as  President  of  the  I  )ay. 

The  annonncenient  was  voccivcd  with  applanse  :  and  Jiidi;-e 
AVaimjkx,  advancing  to  the  front  of  the  [)Iatfonn,  said  : 

Ladies  and  (knthmen:  —  ^Y\i\x  devout  thankful- 
ness for  the  aus])icious  manner  in  which  this  day  has 
heen  ohserved,  let  us  look  up  to  the  Supreme  \^Q^nv^ 
for  llis  blessing. 


7"^ 
IM 


Hi 


CKNTKNMAh    ANMVKKSAUY    OK   TIIK 


Kov.  KuFUS  Ei-MS.    D.I).,  pastor  of  the   First   Climvli  of 
Boston,  tlicii  oH'crcd  tin-  lollowiiif,'  prayer  :  — 


I  '! 

;   ■'Ml 


lii 


i'UAVi:it  n\   UKV.  liii'us  i:i,i.is,  d.  d. 

God  of   all   power   and    gTace,  as  wc  gat  her  about 
our   pillar   of  rcincinbrance,   let    it    he  into   'lliy   holy 
presenee.     AVe  adore  the   wonder  of  'Fhy  providence 
and    that   faithfulness  whieh    is    unto    all    generations. 
On    this    day  of  high    and    holy   memories   we  praise 
Thee,  the  God  of  onr  fathers,  the  hope  of  their  hearts 
in  their  day  of  trial.     Thou  didst  lead  them  through 
the  cloud  and  through  the  sea,  and  gave  unto  them 
their  portion    amongst   the  nations;    and   in   all  these 
years   Thou   hast    watched    ovei-    us,  and  hast  led  us 
safely  through  our  days  of  darkness,  and  made  us  one 
nation  before  Thee.     As  we  gather  I'rom  the  East  and 
from  the  AVest,  from  the  North  and  from  the  South,  to 
the  battle-field  of  our  nation,  let  it  be  into  a  fellowship 
of  love  and   service.     Make  the  word  which  shall  be 
spoken  to   us  this   day  Thy  word,  that  every  blessed 
faith,  hope  and  charity  may  be  deepened  in  our  hearts 
and  our  land  brought  nearer  to  the  kingtlom  of  Thy 
dear  Son.     Under  the  heavens  which  He  hath  opened, 
and  in  the  spirit  which  lie  hath  given,  and  in  the  words 
which  lie  hath  taught,  let  us  all  say  unto  1'hee,  ''Our 
Father,  who   art   in   heaven,   hallowed  be  Thy  name. 
Thy  kingdom  come,  Thy  will  be  done  on  earth  as  it  is 
d(me  in  heaven.     Give  us  this  day  our  daily  bread,  and 
forgive  us  our  trespasses  as  we  forgi\e  those  Avho  tres- 
pass against  us;  and  lead  us  not  into  temptation,  but 


.    ■  li 


JtATTLi;    OK    HUNKKU    IIIM.. 


deliver   lis    (Vorn    (!vil.    Cor  'IMiine  is  tlie  Ivii'.gdom,  and 
the  power,  aiul  the  .L-'loiy,  lor  -.'ver  uiid  ever.     AiiUMi." 


At  liui  (•(tiicliisioii  (if  till'  pnu'ci',  till'  Ajxilio  Cliil»,  iiinlcr 
tiic  tlircctioii  of  Mr.  15.  ,1.  liMiiii',  saiiy'  llu;  fi)lli)\viii^'  iiyiuii, 
entitled  "  J'ra.vcr  Ucforc  tiie  JJuttle." 

Hear  IIS,  Alinijjlily  Oih'  ! 
llt'iu-  lis.  all  liiily  <  )iii'  ! 

i.drd  dl'  till'  liMltlc  licl'iiri'  us ! 
Fallicr,  all  |irais(i  to  'I'lici!, 
l'"alli('i-,  all  thanks  to  Tlu'e, 

That  [''rcoiloiu's  IjiUiiiur  is  oVr  us  ! 


i'> 


lAko  a  cousiiniin^j  brand, 
Strotch  f'oi'tli  'I'liy  nii^jfiity  hand, 

Wnmn:  and  ojiprcssion  ilcsti'oyinjjj. 
Hi^lp  ns,  ()  i.oi-d  of  i-ijrht! 
Holp  us,  ()  (iod  of  miijlit  ! 

Iltdp  us,  wliLM'L!  war-tides  arc  tlowinjj. 


Help  ns,  llioiij:;!!  W(^  may  fall : 
From  out  the  <;'rav(!  we  call  ; 

I'raisc  to  Thy  naino,  and  forever. 
All  power  and  "rioi-y  \w 
Thine  throiijjii  eternity  ! 

TFcli)  us,  Almighty  One!     Amen. 

Judge  Wahukx  then  said:  It  is  with  extreme  pleas- 
ure that  I  have  the  honor  to  present  to  you  our 
esteemed  associate,  the  soldier,  the  scholar,  and  the 
jurist,  Cii.VKLK,s  DiovKNS,  dr. 


Gknkiial  Dkvkxs  was  received  with  hearty  ai)i)lauso.     After 
aekiiowlcdoiiiir  the  greeting  of  the  iuidieiice  he  proceeded  to 


deliver  the  following  address  : 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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IIIIIM 

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7 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  873-4503 


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78 


CKNTKNMAI.    ANNI VKlJSAIiV    OF    TIIK 


ADDHESS   or    (iKNEIiAI,    DEVKXS. 

Fellow- Citizens  :  —  In  ]»i()ii.s  jiiul  patriotic  commem- 
oration ol'  the  gTcat  deed  Avhich  one  hundred  yeai-s 
a*^o  "was  done  on  this  immortal  field;  in  deep  thaidvlid- 
iies.s  for  the  bles.sings  which  have  l)een  .showen-d  n|)on 
us  as  a  peo[ile  with  so  lavish  a  hand;  in  the  earnest  ho[)e 
that  the  liberty,  <^xiarded  and  sustained  bv  the  sanctions 
of  law,  whicli  the  valor  oC  our  lathers  won  for  us,  and 
Avhich  we  hold  to-day  in  solemn  trust,  may  be  trans- 
mitted to  endless  generations,  —  we  have  <j;'athered  in 
this  countless  thronjj^,  representing  in  its  assemblage 
every  portion  of  oiu'  conunon  country. 

A  welcome,  cordial,  genenms,  and  heartfelt,  to  each 
and  all! 

Welcome  to  the  sons  of  Xew  England,  and  their  de- 
scendants, no  matter  Avhere  their  liomes  may  be!  They 
stand  u])on  the  soil  made  saci-ed  now  and  forever  by 
the  blood  of  their  fathers.  Among  them  we  recognize 
with  peculiar  pleasure  and  satisfaction  those  allied  by 
family  ties  to  the  great  leaders  of  the  day, — to  Prescott, 
Putnam,  or  AVarren,  to  Stark,  Knowlton,  or  Pomeroy, 
—  and  equally  those  in  whose  veins  Hows  the  kindred 
blood  of  any  of  the  brave  men  who  stood  together  in 
the  battle  line. 

Insignilicant  as  the  conllict  seems  to  us  now  in  i-egard 
to  the  numbei's  engaged,  unimportant  as  it  was  then  so 
far  as  results  puivly  militaiy  and  strategical  were  con- 
cerned, the  valor  and  patriotism  here  exhibited,  the  time 
when  and  the  opi)ortunity  on  which  they  were  thus  dis- 
played, have  justly  caused  it  to  be  ranked  among  the 
decisive  battles  of  the  world. 


13ATTLK    OF    HUXKKR   HILL.  79 

Wc'lcoiiH'  lo  llio  cilizL'ii.s  of  oveiy  Statt;,  alike  I'roni 
those  which  iviJi-csout  the  Ihirlecn  Colonies,  and  Crom 
the  youn<«-er  States  of  the  I'nion!  AVe  thank  them  all, 
whether  they  come  from  the  great  MicUlle  States,  which 
bind  us  together,  iVoni  the  West,  or  from  the  South,  for 
the  ])ilgi-iniage  they  have  made  hither  in  generous  ap- 
])reciation  of  the  great  stej)  that  was  taken  here  upon 
the  jagged  and  thorny  path  on  which  we  Avere  com- 
pelled to  walk  in  our  journey  toward  independence. 
Fought  although  this  battle  was  by  the  men  of  the 
colonies  of  >i'ew  England,  they  did  not  stand  for  them- 
selves alone,  but  that  there  might  be  founded  a  struct- 
ure imperishable  as  any  that  man  can  rear  in  a  free  and 
united  government.  The  corner-stone  of  the  edifice  they 
laid  was  for  all  the  colonies  that  Avere,  all  the  States  that 
are,  all  the  States  that  are  yet  to  lx\ 

AW'lcome  to  the  A'ice-Pi-esident  of  the  United  States, 
the  Justices  of  its  Supreme  Court,  and  the  (ienerai 
conunanding  its  armies!  They  represent  to  us  the 
government  Avhicli  Avas  the  result  of  the  lievohition. 
In  177o  Massachusetts  Avas  the  most  populous  but  one 
or  perhaps  Iavo  of  the  colonies,  and  by  the  unity  of  her 
people  the  most  poAvei-ful  and  Avarlike  of  any.  She  has 
seen,  notAvithstanding  her  OAvn  vast  increase  in  popu- 
hition  and  Avealth,  although  a  great  State  has  since  been 
taken  from  Avhat  Avere  then  her  borders,  hei'  relative 
position  change;  but  she  lias  seen  with  admiration  and 
not  Avith  envy,  Avilh  pride  and  satisfaction  and  not  Avith 
mean  jealousy,  the  gi-owth  of  States  broader,  i-icher,  and 
fairer  than  she  can  hojx'  to  be.  AVhatever  changes  may 
have  conu',  lu'r  s|)irit  has  not  changed,  her  voict-  lias  not 
altered.     Then  singled  out  from  the  colonies  to  l)e  first 


80  CKNTENMAI.    ANNIVKltSAJtY    OK    TIIK 

sulnluod  and  i>unislHHl,  as  she  liftotl  her  lioad  in  stern 
(U'lent'C'  oriieranriont  liberty,  in  prond  defiance  of  those 
Avho  would  oppi-ess  her,  demandin«;'  her  own  great  ri<>ht 
of  local  sell-government,  .she  called  upon  her  sister  colo- 
nies for  a  nnion  that  should  secure  and  maintain  the 
rights  of  all;  so  to-day  she  demands  ibr  all  others  every 
i-i«'ht  which  she  asks  for  herself,  and  she  calls  u])on  all 
for  that  cordial  and  generous  ohedii'uce  which  she  is 
ready  to  render  to  the  Constitution  which  has  united 
them  forever. 

It  Avas  to  be  expected,  as  the  controversy   between 
Great  Britain  and  her  colt)nies  moved  on  from  the  pro- 
posed passage  of  the  Stamp  Act,  in  1704,  and  as  its 
inevita])le  tendency  developed,  that  its  weight  should  be 
thrown  in  the  first  instance  npon  >*'ew  England  and  her 
chief  town  and  colony.     The  c-olonies  dilfered  in  some 
important  respects  in    the  manner  in  which   they   had 
been  settled  and  in  the  character  of  their  ])eople.     To 
some   there  was   nothing   distasteful   in   a   monarchial 
government  as  such,  if  it  had  been  wisely  and  liberally 
admmistered ;  but  New  England  remembered  always  the 
race  from  Avhich  she  s])rung,  and  why  her  fathers  had 
ci'ossed  the  sea.     Others  had  come  from  a  love  of  ad- 
venture, from  the  hope  of  wealth,  from  a  desire  to  test 
the  fortnnes  of  a  new  world;  bnt  for  none  of  these  things 
had  her  founders  left  the  pleasant  Hclds  and  loved  homes 
of  their  native  land;  and  the  uncpienchable  love  of  lib- 
erty Avhich  animated  them  lived  still  in  the  bosoms  of 
their  descendants.     Xor  was  her  stern  religious   laith 
averse  to  the  assertio,n  by  force  of  what  she  deemed  her 
liberties.     In  Parliament,  the  spirit   (hat    [)revailed    at 


I 


BATTLE    OF   BUXIC^R  HILL.  81 

the  time  of  the  accession  of  George  III.  was  different 
from  that  arclt  'it  zeal  for  constitutional  freedom  which 
had  resulted  in  the  dethronement  of  James  II.;  but  New 
England  understood  hei-  I'ights,  and  was  prompt  to 
maintain  them  always  in  the  spirit  of  the  English  Com- 
monwealth. "  In  what  book,"  said  one  to  Selden,  "  do 
you  find  the  authority  to  resist  tyranny  by  force?  "  and 
the  great  lawyer  of  that  day  answered,  "It  is  the 
custom  of  England,  and  the  custom  of  England  is  the 
law  of  the  land." 

It  was  not  the  right  to  tax  without  representation 
merely:  it  Avas  the  claim,  necessarily  involved  in  such  a 
right,  to  govern  in  a  different  manner,  and  through  offi- 
cials appointed  by  the  British  crown,  that  astonished  the 
colonies,  and  united  all  at  first  in  remonstrance  and  after- 
ward in  determined  resistance.  Her  own  character  and 
the  circumstances  of  her  situation  had  placed  Massa- 
chusetts in  the  van  of  this  conflict,  and  had  caused  her, 
when  the  policy  of  coercion  was  finally  resolved  on,  to 
be  dealt  with  by  a  system  of  legislation  unprecedented 
in  the  method  usually  adopted  by  Britain  in  governing 
her  colonies.  It  was  industriously  circulated  in  Par- 
liament that  she  would  not  be  sustained  by  the  others 
in  the  resolute  attitude  which  she  had  assumed;  and 
upon  her  were  rained  in  rapid  succession  the  statutes 
known  by  the  popular  names  of  the  Boston  Port  Bill, 
the  Kegulating  Act,  the  Enforcing  Act,  which  were  in- 
tended to  redu(!e  her  chief  town,  the  most  important  in 
North  America,  to  beggary;  which  abrogated  the  pro- 
visions of  her  charter,  and  took  from  the  people  the 

appointment  of  their  judges,  sherifls,  and  chief  officers; 
11 


82 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEKSAllY    OF   THE 


Avhich    forbade  the   town   meetingH,  whose  si)irit   had 
been  too  bold  and  lesokite  to  be  pleasant;  whkh  denied 
to  her  citizens  in  many   eases  the  trial  by  jury,  and 
permitted  them  to  be  tiansjjorled  to  England  or  other 
eolonies   for   trial:    a  system  Avhieh,  if  it   eonld  have 
been    enfbreed,   Avould   have   redueed    her    inhabitants 
to   politieal  servitude.     Sustained   by  her  own  daring 
spirit,    and   by   the    generous   encouragement   of   her 
sister  eolonies,  she  had  resisted;    and  the  ten  months 
that  had  i)reeeded  Lexington   and  Concord  had  been 
practically  those  of  war,  although  blows  had  not  been 
struck,  and  blood  had  not  been  ^lu'd.     In  the  speech 
of  Mr.  Burke,  delivered  March,  1775,  upon  conciliation 
with  America,  memorable  not  so  much  for  its  splendid 
eloquence  (although   it  is   among  the  masterpieces  of 
the  English  langmige)  as  for  its  generous  statesman- 
ship, he  describes  Massachusetts,  the  utter  failure  of 
the    attemi)t    to    reduce   her   either   to    submission    v;r 
anarchy,  and  her  jjreservation  of  order  even  while  she 
rejected   the    authority   of    the   governor   and   judges 
appointed  by  the  British  crown.     He  closes  by  saying, 
"  How  long  it  will  continue  in  this  state,  or  what  may 
come   out    of  this   unheard-of  situation,   how  can  the 
wisest  of  us  conjecture?" 

Obviously  no  such  condition  of  things  could  endure; 
and,  before  his  words  could  cross  the  Atlantic,  the  ques- 
tion that  he  asked  had  been  answeivd  by  the  a])peal  to 
arms.  The  hoof-beats  of  Paul  li(ivere's  horse  along 
the  Lexington  road  had  announced,  as  the  yeomanry  of 
Middlesex,  Essex,  and  Worcester  sprang  to  aims  to 
meet  the  movement  of  the  British,  on  the  evening  of 


.ill 


BATTLE   OF   HUNrKKK    lilLI.. 


83 


April  18,  Irom  Boston,  that  the  lull  was  over,  and  that 
the  storm  had  come  in  all  its  majesty. 

The  day  that  followed  had  ehan^ed  the  relation  of 
the  contendinj:^  parties  forever;  but  the  battle  of  Hunker 
Hill  is  also  one  of  the  definite  steps  which  mark  the 
progress  of  the  American  lievolution.  It  was  not  the 
resistance  only  of  those  who  will  not  submit  to  be 
opj)ressed,  —  it  was  the  result  of  a  distinctly  aggressive 
movement  on  the  part  of  those  who  claim  the  right  to 
levy  and  maintain  armies;  nor  can  I  better  discharge 
the  duty  which  has  fallen  on  me,  b}'  the  deeply  regretted 
absence  of  the  distinguished  scholar  and  orator*  who 
it  was  hoped  would  have  addressed  you,  than  by  recall- 
ing its  events,  even  if  to  some  extent  I  shall  seem  to 
trespass  npon  the  domain  of  the  historian  or  the  an- 
nalist. The  deeds  of  brave  men  arc  their  true  eulogy; 
and  from  a  calm  contemplation  of  them  we  may  draw 
an  inspirati(m  and  encouragement  greater  than  could  be 
derived  from  labored  argument  or  carefully  studied 
reflection. 

Lexington  and  Concord  had  been  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  the  gathering  of  the  militia  of  Xew  England 
for  the  siege  of  Boston,  where  Gage,  now  reinforced  by 
Clinton,  was  compelled  to  rest,  sheltered  by  the  cannon 
of  the  ships  of  war,  in  command  of  the  garrison  of  a 
beleaguered  town.  The  foi'ce  by  which  he  was  thus 
surrounded  was  an  irregular  one,  sprung  from  the  ardor 
and  enthusiasm  of  the  people,  which  far  exceeded  the 
means  in  their  power;  nor  had  it  any  distinctly  recog- 
nized commander;  for  while  a  precedence  was  accorded 

*  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop. 


84 


CENTKXNTAL  ANNIVKRSAHY  OF  THE 


to  General  Ward,  on  aceonnt  of  his  seniority,  and 
because  more  tiian  two-thirds  of  those  assembled  were 
Massachusetts  men,  as  no  cohmy  could  claim  authoi-ity 
over  another,  it  was  an  army  of  allies,  the  troops  of  each 
colony  beinj?  commanded  by  its  own  oflicers,  while  all 
the  general  officers  formed  a  council  of  war. 

The  occupation  of  Bunker  Hill  was  resolved  on  at 
the  suggestion  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  of  Massachu- 
setts, made  with  knowledge  that  (ieneral  Gage  was 
about  to  take  possession  of  the  heights  of  Dorchester; 
and  on  the  evening  of  the  16th  of  June  the  force  des- 
tined for  this  formidable  movement  assembled  upon  the 
Common  at  Cambridge.  It  consisted  of  some  seven  or 
eight  hundred  men,  drawn  from  the  regiments  of  Pres- 
cott,  Frye,  and  Bridge,  and  sonie  two  himdred  men  of 
Connecticut,  from  the  regiment  of  Putnam,  under  Cap- 
tarn  Thomas  Knowlton ;  the  whole  under  the  command 
of  Colonel  William  Prescott.  As  they  Ibrmed  for  their 
march,  Langdon,  the  President  of  Harvard  College, 
came  from  his  study,  and  implored  the  blessing  of  God 
upon  their  then  unknown  and  dangerous  expedition. 

So  always  may  the  voice  of  this  great  institution  oi' 
learning,  which,  among  their  earliest  acts  and  in  their 
day  of  weakness,  our  fathers  dedicated  to  the  cause  of 
sound  learning,  seem  to  be  uplifted  in  solemn  invoca- 
tion above  their  sons  in  every  struggle,  whether  in  the 
forum  or  the  field,  for  progress,  for  liberty,  and  for  the 
rights  of  man!  From  her  halls,  then  converted  into 
barracks,  had  come  forth  the  men  who,  within  the 
thirty-five  years  that  had  preceded,  had  more  largely 
than  any  others  controlled   and  conducted  the   great 


HATTF.K   OP   MUNKEll   HILL. 


85 


debate  between  Engl  mid  and  her  colonies,  which,  be- 
ginning distinctly  in  17G4  by  the  proposed  passage  of 
the  Stamp  Act,  was  now  to  be  settled  l)y  the  arbitra- 
ment of  arms.  In  1740  had  graduated  Samuel  Adams, 
and  in  his  thesis  for  the  Master's  degree  had  main- 
tained the  proiK)sition  which  was  the  ftnuidation  of  the 
Kevolution,  that  it  was  lawful  to  resist  the  supreme 
magistrate,  if  the  CJommonwealth  could  not  otherwise 
be  preserved,  lie  had  been  followed,  among  others 
hardly  less  distinguished,  by  James  Otis,  by  Cooper  and 
Jiowdoin,  Hancock  and  John  Adams,  by  AVarren  and 
Qnincy.  Differing  in  ages  and  occupations,  in  personal 
(pmlities  and  mental  characteristics,  this  remarkable 
group  had  been  drawn  together  by  a  common  enthu- 
siasm. To  their  work  they  had  brought  every  energy 
of  mind  and  heart;  and  they  had  so  managed  their  share 
of  the  controversy,  in  which  all  the  leading  statesmen  of 
Britain  had  participated,  as  to  have  commanded  the 
respect  of  their  opponents,  while  they  inspired  and  con- 
vinced their  own  countrymen.  Many  lived  to  see  their 
hopes  fulfilled,  yet  not  all.  Already  Quincy,  the  young- 
est of  this  illustrious  circle,  had  passed  away,  appealing 
with  his  dying  words  to  his  countrymen  to  be  prepared 
"  to  seal  their  faith  and  constancy  to  their  liberties  with 
their  blood."  Already  the  gloomy  shadow  of  mental 
darkness  had  obscured  forever  the  splendid  powers  of 
Otis ;  and  the  hour  of  Warren  was  nearly  come. 

It  was  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening,  as  the  detach- 
ments, with  Prescott  at  their  head,  moved  from  Cam- 
bridge. On  arriving  at  Chai-lestown,  a  consultation 
was  held,  in  which   it  is  believed  that  Putnam,  and 


86 


CKNTF-NNFAI.    ANXIVKUSAIIY    OF   THK 


pcrhapM  Pomoroy,  joinod;  and  it  was  (U'tcMMn'mcd  to 
Ibrlii'y  liivt-d'H  Hill,  — not  thon  known  by  the  distinctive 
name  it  has  since  borne,  (yomu'cted  with  Bunker  Hill 
by  a  lii^h  ri(l<;t',  these  two  eminences  mij^fht  not  im- 
properly be  considered  as  ])eakN  of  the  same  hill;  and, 
for  the  i)uri)ose  ol"  annoyance  to  the  liritish  at  Jioston, 
Breed's  Hill  was  better  adapted.  To<?ether  they 
traverse  a  lar<je  ])ortion  ol"  the  ])i'ninsula  of  Charles- 
town,  which,  connected  to  the  main  land  by  a  narrow 
neck,  and,  broadeninjj:  as  it  approaches  Boston,  is 
washed  on  the  northern  side  by  the  Mystic,  and  on  the 
eastern  and  southern  by  the  Charles  river.  As  the 
line  of  retreat  to  the  Neck,  which  was  the  only  a]^- 
proach,  was  lon<i:.  Breed's  Hill  could  not  be  safely  held, 
hoAvever,  without  fortifyinj:;  Bunker  Hill  also. 

At  midnight  work  on  the  redoubt  be<]fan;  and  at 
dawn  the  entrenchments,  as  they  were  discovered  by 
the  British  fleet  in  Charles  i-iver,  which  openeil  upon 
them  at  once,  were  about  six  feet  high.  Well  sheltered 
within  them,  the  men,  under  a  terriiic  cannonade  from 
the  ships  and  floating  batteries,  aided  by  a  battery  on 
Copj)'s  Hill  opposite,  continued  to  labor  at  the  woi'ks 
imtil  about  eleven  o'clock,  when  they  were  substantially 
finished.  At  about  this  time  General  Putnam  reached 
the  field,  and  reconnnended  that  the  intrenching  tools 
be  sent  to  Bunker  Hill,  where  he  directed  the  throwing 
up  of  a  breastwork,  which,  in  the  confusion  of  the  day, 
was  never  com])leted. 

Oppressed  by  their  severe  labor,  the  terrific  heat,  and 
their  want  of  water  and  provisions,  some  urged  upon 
Prescott  that  he  should  send  to  General  Ward  that  they 


■■■     ill 


BATTI.K    OF   HUNKKIl   HILL. 


87 


niiji;ht  he  relieved;  but  this  he  resohitely  ri'dised,  ,sayhi»^ 
tliiit  the  men  who  had  I'liised  the  works  were  best  able 
to  defend  them.  At  Camhridjj^e,  howevei",  nnieh  anx- 
iety i)revailed;  and  Creneral  Wjird,  who  was  of  opinion 
that  (leneral  (iaj^e  must  attack  at  onee,  and  would 
make  his  jji'lncipal  attack  at  Cambridge,  was  nnwilliny 
to  weaken  the  main  army  until  his  intentions  should  be 
developed;  but,  yielding  partially  to  the  energetic;  n;- 
monst ranees  of  tlie  Committee  of  Safety,  through  Mr. 
Richard  Uovens,  consented  to  order  to  Chai'lestown  the 
regiments  of  Stark  and  Keud,  Avhich  were  under  his 
control. 

The  consultation  at  Boston,  hegun  at  the  announce- 
ment made  by  the  cannonade  from  tlu>  British  shij),  was 
s|>ii"ited  and  long.  It  was  the  opinion  ()f  Sir  Henry 
Clinton  tliat  troops  shoidd  l)e  landetl  at  the  Neck,  and 
the  evidently  small  force  upon  the  hill,  then  taken  in 
reverse,  would  easily  be  captured.  Hut  this  plan  had 
been  rejected  by  General  Gage,  as  the  force  thus 
landed  might  be  placed  between  two  forces  of  the 
enemy,  in  violation  of  the  military  axiom  that  troo2)8 
should  be  compelled  to  deal  only  with  an  enemy  in 
front.  While  the  rule  is  sound,  its  application  in  this 
case  might  well  be  doubted,  as,  by  concentrating  the 
fire  of  the  British  shi[)s  and  battei'ies,  it  Avould  have 
been  impossible  that  any  organized  force  could  have 
crossed  the  Neck,  had  the  British  forces  landed  near 
this  point,  and  thus  imprisoned  the  Americans  in  the 
peninsula. 

To  attack  the  works  in  front,  to  carry  them  by  main 
force,  to  show  how  little  able  the  rabble  that  manned 


88  CENTKNNIAIi   AXXIVKKSAllY   OF   TIIK 

them  was  to  com))ete  with  the  troops  of  tlie  kinjj^, 
ami  to  administer  u  Hterii  rehiike  that  should  punish 
severely  those  actually  in  arms,  and  admonish  those 
whose  loyalty  was  waverin*?,  was  more  in  accordance 
with  the  spirit  that  prevailed  in  the  Uritish  army.  Its 
ofKcers  were  smarting  under  the  disgraceful  retreat 
from  Lexingion  and  Concord,  and  wcmld  not  yet 
believe  that  they  had  before  them  foenien  worthy  of 
their  steel. 

It  was  soon  after  twelve  o'clock  when  the  troojis 
connnenced  their  movements  from  the  North  IJattery 
and  Long  Wharf  of  lioston,  landing  at  about  one 
o'clock,  without  molestation,  at  the  extreme  point  of  the 
peninsula,  known  as  Moulton's  Point.  On  arriving, 
Major-General  Howe,  by  whom  they  were  conunanded, 
finding  the  work  more  formidable  than  he  had  antici- 
pated, determined  to  send  for  reinforcements.  This 
dehiy  Avas  imwise;  for  the  interval,  although  it  brought 
him  additional  troops,  proved  of  far  more  advantage 
to  the  Americans. 

When  the  news  of  the  actual  landing  arrived  at 
Cambridge,  a  considerable  body  of  Massachusetts 
troops  was  ordered  toward  Charlestown,  while  General 
Putnam  ordered  forwai'd  those  of  Connecticut.  Of  all 
these,  however,  comparatively  few  reached  the  line 
before  the  action  was  decided.  Many  never  reached 
Charlestown  at  all;  others  delayed  at  Prospect  Hill, 
appalled  at  the  tremendous  fire  with  which  the  British 
swept  the  Neck;  while  others  came  no  further  than 
Bunker  Hill. 

It  was  nearly  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  when, 


..i:iU!^ 


HATTLK   OK    MlJNKKIl    MILL. 


8i) 


iTiiirorccincnts  l)avln<>-  arrived,  all  was  ivady  in  the 
ItritisI)  liiu!  for  il)(.  attack;  and  it  is  time  to  considfi- 
the  character  ofthc  dcfcnccH  creeled,  and  their  |)()sitl()n, 
as  well  as  the  forces  hy  which  they  were  then  manned. 
The  re(h»ul)t,  which  wonld  incU)se  the  spot  where  the 
iMonnnicnt  now  stands,  was  upon  the  crest  of  IJreed's 
Hill,  an  eminence  ahont  seventy  feet  in  hei<,^ht.  It  was 
ahont  eijj^ht  rods  square,  with  its  front  toward  the  south, 
overlooking  the  town  and  Charles  rivei-.  Its  south- 
eastern angle  directly  faced  Coi)i)'s  Hill,  while  its 
eastern  side  fronted  extensive  fields  which  lay  between 
it  and  Moulton's  Point;  Moulton  Hill,  then  about  thirty 
feet  in  height,  but  now  levelled  with  the  surface  of  the 
ground,  was  situated  between  it  and  Moulton's  Point. 
The  eastern  side  of  the  redoubt  was  i)rolonged  by  a 
breastwork  detached  by  a  sally-[)ort,  which  extended  for 
about  one  hundred  yards  toward  a  marsh;  Avhilc  the 
northern  side  overlooked  the  Mystic  rivei-,  from  Avhich 
it  was  distant  about  five  hundreil  yards. 

For  this  work  the  conflict  was  now  about  to  take 
place.  It  had,  however,  been  strengthened  upon  the 
side  tow^ard  the  Mystic  by  a  jirotection  without  which 
it  would  have  been  untenable;  and  this  addition  had 
been  made  while  General  Howe  was  waiting  for 
reinforcements,  by  the  forethought  of  Prescott,  the 
skilful  conduct  of  Knowlton,  and  the  fortunate 
arrival  of  Stark.  Immediately  ui)on  the  first  landing, 
observing  an  .  intention  on  the  part  of  the  British 
General  of  moving  along  the  Mystic,  and  thus  attempt- 
ing to  outflank  the  AuKM-icans,  Prescott  had  directed 
Knowlton,  with  the  Connecticut  detachment  and  with 

12 


If 


S  ! 


,^  , 


90 


CENTENNIAL    AXMVEIJSATIY    OF   THE 


two  field-pieces,  to  oppose  them.     Captain  Knowlton, 
with  his   men,  who,  it   Avill   be   remembered,   were   of 
the  original  connnand   of  Preseott,   moved   about   six 
hundred  I'eet  to  the  rear  of  the  redoubt  upon  the  side 
towai-d  the  Mystic,  and  took  a  position  there  near  the 
base  of  Bunker  Hill,  properly  so  called,  finding  a  fence 
which  extended  tt)ward  the  Mystic,  the  foundation  of 
which  was  of  stone,  and  upon  it  two  rails.     Kapidly 
making-,  Avith  the  materials  he  found,  another  fence  a 
few  feet  distant,  he  filled  the  interval  Avith  grass  from 
the  fields  Avhich    the  mower  of  yesterday  had  passed 
over,  but  upon  which  the  "  great  reaper  "  was  to  gather 
to-day  a  rich  harvest.     While  thus  engaged,  Stark  (a 
part  of  Avhose  men  Avere  detained  at  Jiunker  Hill   by 
Putnam  on  his  proposed  Avorks  there),  folloAved  closely 
by  Head,    arrived,    and,   perceiving   instantly   the    im- 
portance   of    this    position    for    the    defence    of   the 
intrenchments,  —  for    the   Avay,   as    he    says,   for    the 
enemy  Avas  "^  so  plain  he  could  not  miss  it,"  —  extended 
the  line  of  KnoAvlton  by  rails  and  stones  taken  from 
adjoining    fences   until   it   reached   the   river,   making 
on  the  extreme  left  on  the  beach  a  strong  stone  wall. 
As  the  rail-fence  Avas  so  lar  to  the  rear  of  the  redoubt, 
there   Avas    of   course   an  interval   Avhich   some   slight 
attempt  had  been  made  to  close,  and  where  also  Avas 
posted  the  artillery  of  the  Americans,  Avhich,  hoAvever, 
insufficient  of  itself  and  feebly  served,  Avas  of  little 
importance  during  the  action. 

In  the  mean  time,  fcAV  although  the  reinforcements 
were,  there  had  noAV  arrived  some  fresh  men  to  inspire 
Avith    confidence   those  wlio   had    tailed  Avith   Preseott 


JtATTLK    OK    liUNKKIi    HILL 


1)1 


tlir()ii<^li  till'  weary  night  and  exhaustinj^  clay  without 
food,  drink,  or  rest.  »Iu8t  before  the  battle  aetually 
eonnnenced,  detaehinents  from  the  Massachusetts  re<^i- 
nients  of  Brewer,  Xixon,  AVoodbrid<:,e,  Little,  and 
Major  ]\roore,  reached  the  field.  Most  of  these  take 
their  place  at  the  breastwork  on  the  left  of  the  eastern 
front  of  the  redoubt,  and  a  similar  breastwork  more 
hastily  made  by  using  a  cart-way  upon  the  right. 

Upon  the  extreme  right  were  posted  a  few  troo[)s, 
extending  toward  the  base  of  the  hill,  while  two  flank- 
ing parties  were  thrown  out  by  Prescott  to  harass  the 
en<  my. 

A  ])ortion  of  tiie  Massachusetts  troops  who  arrive 
endeavor  to  fill  the  gaj)  which  exists  between  the  breast- 
Avork  and  the  rail-fence,  while  yet  a  few  take  their  stand 
at  the  rail-fence.  Xotably  among  these  latter  is  the 
veteran  (ieneral  Pomeroy,  of  Xorthampton,  too  old,  as 
he  thinks  a  few  days  later,  when  he  's  chosen  a  brigadier 
by  the  Continental  Congress,  to  accept  so  responsible  a 
trust,  yet  not  so  old  that  he  cannot  fight  yet  in  the 
ranks,  although  the  weight  of  se\enty  years  is  upon 
him.  Later  in  the  day,  when  his  musket  is  shattered  by 
a  siiot,  he  waves  the  broken  stock  in  his  strong  right 
hand  as  he  directs  the  men,  —  a  leader's  truncheon  that 
tells  its  owh  story  of  the  bravery  by  which  it  was  won. 
All  know  the  JH'ave  old  man;  and  as,  declining  any 
command,  he  takes  his  place  as  a  volunteer,  he  is 
greeted  with  hearty  cheers.  To  the  i'edoul)t  has  now 
come  Warren,  in  that  s[)irit  of  a  true  soldier,  who, 
having  advised  against  a  plan  which  has  been  adopted, 
feels  the   more  called  upon  to  make  every  efibrt  that 


I 


92 


CEXTKXNIAI.    AXNIVKKSAKY    OK   THE 


it  shall  succeed.  The  enthusiasm  with  which  lie  is 
received  indicates  at  once  the  inspiration  and  encourage- 
ment that  the  men  all  feel  in  that  gallant  presence;  but 
when  Prescott  oilers  him  the  command,  he  having  three 
days  before  been  appointed  a  major-geneial  by  the 
Provincial  Congress,  he  declines  it,  saying,  "I  come  as 
a  volunteer  to  serve  under  you,  and  shall  be  happy  to 
leam  from  a  soldier  of  your  experieilce." 

The  peninsula  where  the  struggle  was  to  take  place 
was  in  full  view  acioss  the  calm  waters  of  the  harbor, 
and  of  the  Charles  and  Mystic  rivers,  whose  banks  were 
lined  with  people,  who  with  mournful  and  anxious  hearts 
awaited  the  issue,  while  each  house-top  in  the  town  was 
covered  with  eager  spectators.  From  Cop])'s  Hill, 
General  Gage,  with  Jiurgoyne  and  Clinton,  surrounded 
by  troo[)s,  ready  themselves  to  move  at  an  instant's 
warning,  watches  the  onset  of  his  forces. 

"^rhe  cham[)ions  are  not  unworthy  of  the  arena  in 
which  they  stand.  To  those  who  love  the  "  pomp  and 
circiuTistance ""  of  war,  the  British  troops  ])i'esent  a 
splendid  array.  The  brilliant  light  Hashes  back  from  the 
scarlet  unifoi'ms,  the  showy  equipments,  and  the  glitter- 
ing arms;  and,  as  they  move,  there  is  seen  the  eft'ect  of 
that  disci])line  whose  object  is  to  put  at  the  disposal  of 
the  one  who  connnands  the  strength  and  fourage  of 
the  thousands  whom  he  leads.  They  are  of  the  best 
and  most  tried  troops  of  the  Hi-itish  army;  and  some  of 
the  regiments  havt-  won  distinguished  honor  on  the 
battle-iields  of  Europe,  in  the  same  wars  in  which  the 
colonies  had  poured  out  their  blood  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic  in  hearty  and  generous  support  of  the  British 


BATTLE    OF   BU^'KEU   11  ILL. 


93 


crown.  Their  veteran  officers  are  men  who  have  seen 
service  in  Enrope  and  America;  and  their  yonnger 
ofKcers,  Hke  Lord  liawdon  and  Lord  Ilai'ris,  bear  names 
altei-wards  distingnished  in  the  chronicles  of  British 
warfare.  The  s^econd  in  connnand  is  Jirigadier-CTcneral 
l*igot,  slight  in  person,  l)ut  known  as  an  officer  of  spirit 
and  judgment ;  and  their  leader,  Major-General  Howe, 
bears  a  name  which  has  been  lo\ed  and  honoi-ed  in 
America.  The  monmnent  Avhich  Massachusetts  reared 
in  Westminster  Abbey  to  his  elder  brother,  Lord  Howe, 
who  fell  while  leading  a  column  of  British  and  Ameri- 
cans at  Ticonderoga  in  1758,  still  stands  to  inscribe 
his  name  among  the  heroes  of  England,  whose  fame  is 
guarded  and  enshrined  Avithin  that  ancient  pile.  Above 
their  lines  waves  the  great  British  ensign,  to  which  the 
colonies  have  alwKv  looked  as  the  emblem  of  their 
country,  and  with  ..:  s  ■  is  the  "king's  name,"  which 
even  yet  is  a  tower  of  strength  in  the  land.  As  nearly 
as  we  can  estimate,  they  number  about  four  thousand 
men.  General  Gage's  report  indicates  sufficiently  that 
he  does  not  intend  to  state  the  number  engaged  when 
he  is  compelled,  later,  to  acknowledge  the  casualties  of 
the  day. 

Upon  the  other  side  a  different  scene  presents  itself. 
As  the  battle  is  about  to  open,  at  the  redoubt  and  upon 
its  flanks  are  the  troops  of  Massachusetts;  at  the  rail- 
fence  ai'e  the  troops  of  Connecticut  and  those  of  N^ew 
Hampshire,  with  a  few  men  of  Massachusetts.  How 
many  there  were  in  all  cannot  be  determined  with  ac- 
curacy. Kegiments  that  are  Irequently  spoken  of  as 
being  present  at  the  engagement  were  represented  by 


94 


CKNTKNNIAI.    ANMVKUSAUY   OF   THK 


but  weak  (lotachnionts.  Towards  the  dose  of  the  batth 
a  tbvv  more  arrive,  but  not  more  thau  enoujj^h  to  make 
the  plaee  good  of  the  losses  that  have  in  the  mean  time 
occuiTed.  'No  judgment  ean  be  formed  more  aeeurale 
than  that  ol'  Washington,  who  was  so  soon  after  with 
the  army,  when  many  of  the  eircnmstanees  Avere  inves- 
tigated, and  whose  mature  and  earel'ully  eonsidered 
opinion  was,  tliat  at  no  time  ui)on  our  side  were  more 
than  fifteen  hiuidred  men  actually  engaged. 

As  we  look  down  the  line,  thei-e  are  symptoms 
everywhere  of  determination;  for  sueh  has  been  the 
confusion,  and  so  little  has  been  the  conunand  which,  in 
their  movements,  the  officers  have  been  able  to  exercise, 
that  no  man  is  there  who  does  not  mean  to  be  there. 
A  few  free  colored  men  are  in  the  ranks,  who  do  good 
service;  but  it  is  a  gathering  almost  exclusively  of  the 
yeomanry  of  Xew  England,  men  of  the  English  race 
and  l)1^o(i  yy\y^)  stand  there  that  day  because  there  has 
been  an  attempt  to  invade  their  rights  as  Englishmen, — 
rights  guaranteed  by  their  charters,  and  yet  older  than 
the  ]\Iagna  Charta  itself.  There  are  no  uniforms  to  [)lcase 
the  eye;  but,  as  the  cowl  does  not  make  the  monk,  so 
the  uniform  does  not  make  the  soldiei*,  and  in  their  rus- 
tic garb  they  will  show  themselves  worthy  of  the  name 
before  the  day  is  done.  Xo  flag  waves  above  their 
heads;  for  they  are  this  day  without  a  country,  and 
they  light  that  they  may  have  one,  although  they  could 
not  have  dreamed  that  tTie  eml)lem  of  its  sovereignty- 
should  float  as  it  now  does  over  millions  of  freemen 
fi-om  the  Atlantic  to  the  far  Pacific.  The  equipments 
and  arms  are  of  all  descriptions;  but  those  who  carry 


ill 


iliil: 


BATTT.E    OF   BUXKER   HILL 


95 


tlu'in  know  their  vise,  and  all,  more  or  less  skilled  as 
marksmen,  mean,  in  their  stern  eeonomy  of  powder, 
whieh  is  their  worst  deficiency,  that  every  shot  shall 
tell.  There  is  little  discii)rme;  but  it  is  not  an  unwar- 
like  i)o[)ulation,  and  among  the  men  are  scattered  those 
who  do  not  look  ibr  tlu'  iirst  time  on  the  battle-field; 
and  with  all  is  that  sense  of  individual  i-esponsibility  and 
duty  which  to  some  extent  takes  its  place,  —  that  proud 
self-consciousness  that  animates  those  who  know  that 
their  own  right  hands  must  work  their  own  deliverance. 
Poorly  ofHcered  in  some  respects,  —  for  haste  and  bad 
management  have  i)ut  many  important  posts  into  ineffi- 
cient hands,  —  there  aif  also  with  them  officers  who, 
from  cxi)erience  and  ability,  might  be  well  counted  as 
leaders  on  any  field.  They  are  Xew  England  men, 
fully  understanding  those  they  command,  and  exercising 
an  influence,  by  force  of  their  own  characters,  by  their 
self-devotion  and  enthusiasm,  which  cause  all  around 
them  to  yield  res])ectful  and  affectionate  obedience. 

Roughly  done,  the  works  they  have  hastily  made  are 
yet  formidable,  the  weakest  part  lying  in  the  imper- 
fectly closed  gap  between  the  breastwork  and  the 
rail-fence. 

.Vt  the  rail-fence,  anil  on  the  extreme  left,  is  Stark, 
distinguished  afterwards  by  the  battle  of  Bennington. 
He  has  shown  the  quick  eye  and  ready  hand  of  the 
practised  soldier  by  the  celerity  with  which  he  has 
extended  this  line  to  the  Mystic  river.  Ivnowlton  is 
there  also,  still  with  the  Connecticut  men,  as  yet  but 
little  reinforced,  whose  resolute  conduct  of  this  day 
deserves  the  same  eulog>  which  it  received  from  Wash- 


i 


rii 

f! 


9G  CENTENNIAL   ANNlVERSAllY   OP   THE 


ington,  when,  :i  year  later,  lie  fell  gloriously  lighting 
on  Harlem  Heights  at  the  head  of  liis  regiment, 
—  that  "it  would  have  been  an  honor  to  any  eoun- 
try."  Geneviil  Putnam,  an  otJieer  of  ti-ied  courage 
and  of  energetic  character,  luis  come  to  share  in  the 
danger  of  the  assault,  now  that  it  is  evidently  apjiroach- 
ing,  and  is  everywhei'c  along  this  portion  of  the  line, 
inspiring,  encouraging,  and  sustaining  the  men.  All 
these,  like  Pomeroy,  are  veteran  soldiers,  who  have 
served  in  the  wars  with  Fi-ance  and  her  savage  allies; 
and  it  is  a  sundering  of  old  ties  to  see  the  British 
Hag  up  on  the  othei-  side. 

At  the  redoubt,  sustained  by  Warren,  stands  the 
commandei*  of  the  expedition  which  has  fortified 
Breed's  Hill.  He  has  himself  served  in  the  provincial 
forces  of  Massachusetts  under  the  British  Hag,  and 
that  so  bravely  that  he  has  been  otfered  a  commission 
ill  the  regular  army,  but  has  ])refcri'ed  the  life  of  a 
farniei'  and  magistrate  in  ^Middlesex.  His  large  and 
extensive  inliuence  he  has  given  to  the  patriotic  cause, 
and  has  been  i-ecognized  fi'om  the  fii'st  as  one  of  those 
men  qualified  to  command.  Powerful  in  person,  with 
an  easy  humor  which  has  cheered  and  inspired  with 
confidence  all  who  are  around  him,  he  waits,  with  a 
calmness  and  courage  that  will  not  fail  him  in  the 
most  desperate  moment,  the  issue.  The  houi*  that  he 
has  expected  has  come;  and  the  gage  of  battle,  so 
boldly  thrown  down  by  the  erection  of  the  redoubt,  has 
been  lifted. 

As  the  British  army  moved  to  the  attack,  it  was 
in  two  wings;  the  tirst  ai-ranged  directly  to  assail  the 


BATTLE   OF   UUXKER    HILL. 


97 


rc'clou!)t,  and  led  by  Pi  got ;  while  the  other,  com- 
msinded  by  (icneral  Howe  in  j)erson,  was  divided  into 
two  distinct  eohnnns,  one  of  which,  composed  of  light 
infantry,  was  close;  to  the  bank  of  the  river,  and 
intended  to  tnrn  the  extreme  left  of  our  line,  and 
with  the  colunui  in  front  of  the  rail-fence  to  drive 
the  Americans  from  their  position,  and  cut  off  the 
retreat  of  those  in  the  redoubt. 

In  the  opinion  of  General  Jinrgoyre,  General  Howe's 
"  arrangements  were  soldier-like  and  perfect ; "  but  the 
conduct  of  the  battle  does  not,  in  a  military  point, 
deserve  such  high  commendation.  It  was  clearly  an 
error  on  the  ptat  of  General  Howe  to  divide  his  forces, 
and  make  two  points  of  attack  instead  of  one;  and  an 
equal  error  to  move  up  and  de[)loy  his  columns  to  fire, 
in  which  his  troops  Avere  at  obvious  disadvantage,  from 
their  want  of  protection,  instead  of  making  an  assault 
without  tiring.  He  had  failed  also  to  recognize  the 
weak  point  in  the  line  between  the  breastwork  and 
the  rail-fence,  easier  to  carry  than  any  other  point,  and, 
if  carried,  more  certain  to  involve  the  whole  American 
force.  He  had  sluggishly  permitted  the  erection  of  the 
formidable  field-worlv  of  the  rail-fence,  the  whole  of 
which  had  been  constructed  without  any  interference 
subsequent  to  his  arrival  on  the  peninsula;  nor,  when 
constructed,  does  it  seem  to  have  occurred  to  him 
that,  by  a  floating  battery  or  gunboat  stationed  in  the 
Mystic  river,  both  of  which  were  within  his  control,  it 
could  have  been  enfiladed,  and  the  force  there  dislodged 
at  once. 

As  the  British  are  seen  to  advance,  the  orders  are 


la 


in 


98 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVKUSARY   OF   THE 


i'\\\ 

'>\\! 


m 


Hi 


rcue-.vcd  along  tho  Avbolc  Aniericnn  line,  in  a  hnndvcd 
dilVt'ivnt  Ibrnis,  not  to  Ihv  t'U  tlu'  eni-niy  arc  Avitliin 
ten  or  twelve  roils,  and  then  to  wait  for  the  word,  to 
nse  their  skill  aw  niarksnien,  and  to  make  every  shot 
tell.  For,  although  those  at  the  entrenehnients  and 
rail-fence  act  without  innnediate  concert,  the  scarcity 
of  powder,  and  the  fact  that  they  are  withont  bayonets 
and  can  rely  oidy  npon  their  bullets,  is  known  to  all. 
It  had  been  intended  to  cover  the  movement  of  the 
Hritish  by  a  discharge  of  artillery;  but  the  balls  were, 
by  some  mistake  of  the  ordnance  officer,  found  too 
large  lor  the  guns,  and  afterwai'd,  when  loaded  with 
grape,  it  was  found  impossible  to  draw  them  throngh 
the  miry  ground,  so  that  they  ail'orded,  in  the  first 
assault,  no  substantial  assistance. 

The  forces  of  Pigot  moved  slowly  forward,  impeded 
by  the  heavy  knapsacks  they  had  been  encumbered 
Avith,  and  by  the  fences  which  divided  the  fields,  and 
continued  to  fire  as  they  thus  advanced. '  As  they  got 
within  gunshot,  although  their  fire  had  done  but  little 
damage,  our  men  could  not  entirely  restrain  their 
im]jatience;  but,  as  some  fired,  Trescott,  sternly  i-e- 
buking  the  disorder,  appealed  to  their  confidence  in 
him,  and  some  of  his  officers,  springing  upon  the 
parapet,  kicked  up  the  ginis  that  rested  upon  it,  that 
they  might  be  sure  to  wait.  This  efficient  remon- 
strance had  its  effect,  and  the  enemy  were  within  ten  or* 
twelve  rods  of  the  eastern  front  of  the  bicastworks 
when  the  voice  of  Prescott  uttered  the  words  for  which 
every  ear  was  listening,  and  the  stream  of  fire  broke 
from  his  line  which,  by  its  terrilile  carnage,  checked  at 


I 

idll 


HATTM-:   OK    lUJNKKU   HILL. 


09 


once  the  ii(lv'"'f(>.  The  aUackiii<i:  lines  were  old  troops, 
and  ui'II  led;  it  was  al  oiiee  .stenil}  rctunicd,  hut  they 
did  not  i-usli  on,  and  in  a  few  inonu-nts,  waveiin;;'  and 
Hta<j^<jfering-  under  a  ilre  vhicli  was  nuu-dei-ous,  while 
their  own  did  little  exeeution,  J*i<jot  orders  his  men  to 
fall  hack. 

In  the  mean  time  Genei-al  Howe,  ai'ter  unsuecessfuUy 
endeavorin<i;  Avitii  a  eohunn  of  lijj^ht  infantry  to  turn  the 
extreme  left  of  oui*  line  on  the  Mystie,  advanced  with 
the  grenadiers  direetly  in  front  of  the  rail-fence,  and 
somewhat  annoyed  by  the  artillery  between  the  breast- 
work and  the  rail-fence,  which  hei'e,  directed  by  Put- 
nam,  did  its  best  service,  as  he  a])|)roached  within 
ei<^hty  or  one  hundred  yards,  deployed  liis  forces  into 
fme.  As  at  the  redoubt,  in  eagerness,  some  of  our  men 
fired,  when  the  ollicers  threatened  to  cut  down  the  tii-st 
man  who  disobeyed,  and,  thus  rebuked,  they  restrain 
themselves  until  the  prescribed  distance  is  I'tuiched, 
when  their  fire  is  delivered  with  such  telling  effect  that, 
broken  and  disai-ranged,  the  attacking  force,  alike  that 
directly  in  front  and  that  upon  the  banks  of  the  river, 
recoils  before  it,  while  many  of  the  British  officers  have 
felt  the  deadly  result  of  the  supei-iority  which  the 
Americans  possess  as  marksmt^i. 

Some  minutes,  perhaps  fifteen,  now  intervene  before 
the  second  assault,  which  are  moments  of  enthusiastic 
joy  in  the  American  lines.  All  see  that  they  are  led  by 
men  capable  of  directing  them,  that  they  have  rudely 
hurled  back  the  first  onset,  and  that  they  are  not  con- 
tending against  those  who  are  invincible.  As  they 
have  seen  their  enemy  turn,  some  of  them  at  the  rail- 


100 


CKNTKNMAI.    A.N  MVKUSAUY    <  H '   TIIK 


II 


-ll,i! 


iJi 


:,!' 


I   ' 


fcnet'  in  tliolr  cn^iTiU'ss  liavi'  spi-niif?  ovi'i*  it  to  ])ui'suc, 
l)>it  have  boon  ivstraiiu-d  l>v  tlu-  wisdom  of  tlu'li-oHicti-s. 
At  tlu'  ivdouht,  Prescotl,  fcrlaiii  lliaf  the  t'licmy  will 
Hoon  iv-lbrin  and  a<;ain  attack,  while  \\v  conimciids  tlio 
men  ibi*  their  t'omii<;('  and  conj.^ratulatc's  tlu-ni  Ibr  tlu-ir 
success,  urges  them  to  wait  again  loi-  his  onU-r  before 
they  fire.  Putnam  hastens  from  the  lines,  his  object  lu-ing 
to  forward  reinlbrcements,  and  \o  arrange,  il"  possible,  a 
new  line  of  defence  at  Hunker  Hill,  projierly  so  called, 
where  all  was  in  ecujfusion,  the  men  who  had  reached 
there  being  Jbr  the  most  i)art  entirely  disorganized. 

The  horror  of  the  bloody  field  is  now  heightened  by 
the  burning  of  the    prosperous  town  of  Charli'stown. 
This  had  been  threatened  as  early  as  Ai)ril  21,  l)y  (ren- 
eral  Gage,  if  the  American  forces  occupied  the  town; 
and   the    patriotic   inhabitants   had    informed  General 
Ward  that  they  desired  him  to   conduct    his   military 
operations  without  regard  to  it.     (V)m])laining  of  the 
annoyance  which  the  sharp-shooters    posted  along  its 
edges  gave  to  his  troops  ujxm  the  extreme  lefit,  (ieneral 
Howe  has  rcfpiested  that  it  be  tired,  which  is  done  by 
the  cannon  from  Copp's  Hill;  it  may  be  also,  as  was 
afterwards  said,  nnder  the  impression  that  his  assaulting 
columns  would  be  covered  by  its  smoke.     The  smoke 
was  drifted,  however,  in  the  other  direction;    and  the 
]irovincials  bolield  without  dismay  a  deed  Avhich  indi- 
cated the  ruthless  mode  in  which  the  war  was  to  be 
prosecuted.     As   the   enemy  advanced   to   the   second 
assault,  their  fire  was  more  effective.     ^Vt  the  redouljt. 
Colonels  Buckminster,  Brewer,  and  Xixon  are  wounded; 
Major  Moore  mortally.     No  general  result  is  produced ; 


HATTMO    OF    HI  NKKK    MILL. 


101 


and  n<::nin,  as  tlu'V  ivacli  llio  dlslance  pivscrihcd,  tlio  fii'o 
of  the  Aincrlcaiis,  diicott'd  HimultaiU'oiisly  alonj^  Iho 
Avliokf  li'ii;;th  ol"  llu'  liiu',  alike  of  the  ri'douht  and 
hrcaslwork  as  well  as  tlic  rall-fonci'.  Is  even  iiiori'  dii- 
sti'uc'tlvc  than  hi  lore.  Standin*:^  the  Hrst  shoek,  tlie 
enemy  <'ontinue  to  advance  and  lii'e  still;  hut  against  so 
rapid  and  eU'ective  a  wave  as  they  now  receive,  it  is  im- 
possible to  hold  their  <j;round,  and  althongh  their  ollicers, 
thems(,'lves  the  worst  suH'erers,  are  seen  frantically  sum- 
moning them  to  their  duty,  all  is  in  vain;  they  are  swept 
hack  in  complete  conriision.  (icneral  Howe,  opposite 
the  rail-fence,  is  in  the  fiercest  and  thickest;  left  almost 
alone,  us  his  oflicers  are  struck  down  around  him,  he  is 
borne  along  by  the  current  of  the  retreat  rather  than 
directs   it. 

This  time  the  repulse  Avas  terrific.  "In  fnmt  of  our 
Avorks,"  says  Prescott,  "  the  gi'ound  was  covered  with 
the  killed  and  wounded,  many  of  them  within  a  few 
yards,"  while  l)efore  the  rail-J'ence  "the  dead,"  in  the 
homely  ])hrase  of  Stark,  "  lay  thick  as  sheep  in  a  fold." 
Disordei-  reigned  in  the  British  ranks;  to  stay  the  rout 
was  for  the  moment  imj)ossible,  as  many  of  the  compa- 
nies had  entirely  lost  their  otHcers,  and  for  a  short  time 
it  seemed  that  they  could  not  rally  again.  Had  there 
been  a  reserve  of  fresh  troops  now  to  advance  (which 
there  might  have  been,  had  it  been  ])os8ible  to  organize 
the  scattered  detachments  which  had  already  reached 
Bunker's  Hill),  or  even  proper  support  and  reinforce- 
ment, the  coufiict  would  have  ended  by  a  victory  so 
complete  that  perhaps  it  would  have  been  accepted  as 
putting  an  end  to  the  British  power  in  America. 


!(l 


4      I 


i'l 


lO'i 


f'KVTKXXIAL    AVMN'KlfSAHY    OK    TIIIO 


Hornrc  the  third  assaiill  some  rciiiliti-cciiu'iils  rcaclu'd 
tlu'  I'Mil-lciici',  ('spi'ciallv  dirt'i'  ( "oiiiu'clicut  coinpanies 
uiidi'i-  Major  Diirkcf.  and  a  porlioii  ol"  (iardincr's  it<'"1- 
iiH'iit  (Vciiii  Middlesex.  \\\v  colonel  oI'  which  wa.s  killed 
diii'iii<^  the  on;;a^'eiiU'iit.  A  part  of  this  re;;iinent  was 
detained  by  I'ntnani  on  his  proposed  work  at  Bunker 
Pill.  'IMu!  coni|)an_v  of  flosiah  Harris,  oC  ( 'harlestown, 
took  its  post  at  the  I'xtrome  lel't  ol"  our  liiu'  at  the  rail- 
lencc,  and  won  lor  its  native  town  the  honor,  when  the 
retreat  coininenced,  ol'hein^'  the  hist  to  leave  the  Held. 

To  the  redoul)t  and  breastwork  no  reinlorcenients 
came;  and,  altiionj^h  the  deteiMniiU'd  and  ivniarkablo 
iniiu  who  conchicted  its  dofence  nuiy  well  have  been  dis- 
appointed at  this  failure,  no  woi'd  of  discouragement 
I'scaped  his  lips.  He  knew  well  the  duty  which  as  an 
ollici'r  he  owi'd  his  men,  and  at  another  time  might  have 
lelt  that  he  ought  to  retreat  Irom  a  jjosition,  the  chance 
of  holding  w  hich  was  so  slight ;  yet  there  was  still  a 
chance,  and  he  comprehended  I'ully  that  on  that  day  it 
was  not  a  f(uestion  of  strategy  or  manoeuvre,  but  of  the 
determination  and  courage  of  the  American  peo[)le  in 
the  assertion  of  their  freedom,  which  was  there  bloodily 
debated.  Calm  and  resolute,  cheerful  still  in  outward 
demeanor,  he  moved  around  his  lines,  assuring  his  men, 
"If  Ave  drive  them  back  again,  they  cannot  rally; "  and, 
inspired  by  their  coulldence  in  him,  they  answer  enthu- 
siastically, ''  AVe  are  ready."' 

;No  su])plies  of  powdci"  have  been  received,  and  there 
are  not  in  his  whole  command  fifty  bayonets,  so  that  if 
the  fire  shall  slacken,  and  the  enemy  force  their  way 
through  it,  resistance  is  impossible.     No  man  has  over 


HATTLK   OF    lUVKKU    IIIM- 


108 


tlircc  roimds  of  aininimitioii,  and  many  <»nly  two;  and, 
when  a  I'cw  artillcfv  cartridges  arc  discovered,  the 
powder  in  tlieni  is  disirihnted,  with  the  injunction  that 
not  a  kei'nel  shotdd  he  wasted. 

Discipline,  which  at  such  moments  will  always  tell, 
ill  peihai)s  half  an  h(an'  has  (h»ne  its  work  amon<^ 
the  liritish  troo|)s;  and  no  lon^jfcr  .sell-conlident,  hut 
ri'ali/in<^'  thi'  terrihle  work  hi'i'ore  them,  the  men  aro 
tln'owin<^'  oil' knapsacks  lor  a  iinal  and  des|)erate  assault. 
Some  liavf  remonstrated;  hut  Sii-  William,  less  attractivo 
than  his  hrother,  (Jeneral  Lord  Howe,  less  ahli-  than  his 
hrotlu'r.  Admiral  Lord  Howe,  who  now  heai's  the  family 
title,  is  a  stern  soldiei",  and  in  ])erHonal  coui'a^c  and 
determination  in  no  way  unworthy  of  the  martial  race 
to  which  he  belongs.  He  feels  that  his  own  rei)ntation 
and  that  of  the  soldli'i's  he  commands  is  ruined  forever 
if  they  sustain  defeat  at  the  hands  of  a  hand  of  half- 
armed  rustics.  N'ietory  itself  will  now  ])e  attended 
Avith  mortification  cnou<;h,  after  such  severe  repulses 
and  such  tei-rible  losses. 

From  the  other  side  of  the  rivei-  (ieneral  ('liutcm  has 
seen  the  discomfiture,  and,  hriuj^'in^"  some  reinforcements, 
comes  to  aid  him  in  rallyinj.^'  his  men.  Howe  has  seen, 
too,  what  Clinton  has  also  observed,  the  error  of  the 
former  disposition  of  liis  force,  and  that  the  weak  point 
of  the  American  line  is  l)etween  tlic  breastwork  and  the 
rail-fi'nce.  Toward  this  and  against  the  redoul)t  and 
l)reastwork  he  now  arranges  his  next  attack.  Cannon 
are  l)rought  to  bear  so  as  to  rake  the  inside  of  the 
breastwork;  and,  making  a  demonstration  only  against 


104 


CENTEXNTAL   AXNIVERSAllY   OF   THE 


the  rail-fence  that  may  clieck  any  movement  upon  tlie 
ilank  of  his  troops,  he  divides  them  in  three  eolumns. 

The  two  at  the  left  arc  commanded  res[)ectively  by 
C'linton  and  l^i^ot,  while  the  ri«>ht  he  leads  in  person. 
They  are  to  assault  to<?ethei',  Clinton  upon  the  lelt,  at 
the  south-eastern  an«>-le,  and  Pigot,  upon  the  eastern 
front  of  the  redoubt,  while  ilovve's  own  fore  is  to  carry 
the  breastwork,  and,  strikin<^-  between  it  and  tiie  rail- 
fence,  bar  the  way  of  retreat.  .Vgainst  this  formidable 
array  m)  other  preparation  could  be  made  by  Prescott 
than  to  i)lace  at  the  angles  of  his  redoubt  the  few 
bayonets  at  his  disposal,  and  to  direct  that  no  man 
should  fire  uniU  the  enemy  were  within  twenty  yards. 

The    fire    of    the    liritish    artillery,  now    rendered 
ettective,  sweeps  the  inside  of  the  breastv  ork,  and,  no 
lonjrer  tenable,  its  defenders  crowd  within  the  redoul '.. 
Auain  the  voice  of  Prescott  is  heard,  as  the  attacking 
colunnis   approach    and    are    now   only   twenty   yards 
distant,  giving  the  order  to  lire.     So  telling  and  deadly 
is    the    discharge   that    the    front    ranks    are    almost 
prostrated  by  it;  but,  as  the  fire  slackens,  the  British 
columns,  which   have    wavered    for    an    instant,  move 
steadily  on  without  returning  it.     Almost  simultaneously 
upon  the  three  points  which  are  exposed  to  the  assault 
the  enemy  reach  the  little    earthwork  Avhich  so  much 
brave  blood  has  been  spent  to  hold  and  to  gain;  and, 
while  they  are  now  so  near  that  its  sides  already  cover 
them,  its  conunander,  determined  to  maintain  it  to  the 
last  extremity,  orders  those  of  his  men  who   have  no 
bayonets  to  retire  to  the  rear  and  fire  upon  the  enemy 
as  they  mount  tiie  parapet. 


ill  I 


BATTLE    OF   BUXKEIl   HILL. 


105 


Those  who  first  ascend  are  shot  down  as  they  scale 
the  works,  among-  them  Pitcalrn,  whose  rashness  (even 
if  we  give  him  the  benefit  of  tlie  denial  he  always  made 
of  having  ordered  his  soldiers  to  fire  at  Lexington)  still 
renders  him  responsible  for  the  first  shedding  of  blood  in 
the  strife.     Jn  a  few  moments,  however,  the  redoubt  is 
half  filled  l)y  the  storming  columns;  and,  although  a 
fierce  conflict    ensues,  it  is  too  unequal  for  hope,  and 
shows  only  the  courage  which  animates  the  men,  who, 
without  l)ayonets,  use  the  butts  of  their  muskets  in  the 
fierce  efibrt  to  stay  the  now  successful  assault.     As  the 
enemy  are  closing  about  the  redoubt,  11'  the  force   is  to 
be  extricated  fi-om  capture,  the  word  to  i-etreat  must  be 
given,  and  reluctantly  the  brave  lips,  which  have  spoken 
only  the  words  of  cheer  and  enc(nu'agement,  utter  it  at 
last.     Already  some  are  so  involved  that  they  hew  their 
way  through  the  enemy  to  join  Prescott,  and  he  himself 
is  again  and  again  struck  at  by  the  bayonet,  of  which  his 
clothes  give  full  proof  afterward,  but  defends  himself 
with  his  sword,  the  use  of  which  he  understands.     As 
our  forces  leave  the  redoubt  by  the  entiance  on  the 
northern  side,  they  come  between  the  two  columns  which 
have  turned  the  breastwork,  and  the  south-eastern  angle 
of  the  redoubt.     These   are,   however,  too   much    ex- 
hausted to  use  the  bayonet  effectually,  and  all  are  so 
mingled  togethei-  that  Ibr  a  few  moments  the  British 
cannot  fire;    but  as  our  men   extricate  themselves  the 
British  re-form,  and  deliver  a  heavy  fire  upon  them  as 
they  retreat. 

In  the  mean  time  the  attack  has  been  renewed  upon 
the  rail-fence,  but  its  defenders  know  Avell  that,  if  they 

14 


106 


CENTEXNrA.L   AXNIVEKSAllY   OF   THE 


■t? 


.•■,..i>i  1 


1=^ 

^ 


would  save  their  eountrynien  at  the  redoubt,  they  must 
hold  it  resolutely  Ibl*  u  lew  momeuts  louger,  and  they 
defend  it  nol)ly,  resistinjj  every  attempt  to  turn  the 
flank.  They  ^  c  soon  that  Preseott  has  left  the  hill, 
that  the  intrenehnients  are  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy 
at  last;  and,  their  own  woi-k  galUintly  done,  they 
retreat  in  better  order  than  could  have  been  expected 
of  troops  who  had  so  little  organization,  and  who 
looked  for  the  first  time  on  a  battle-Held.  Upon  the 
crest  of  Bunker  llill  (propei'ly  so  called)  General  Put- 
nam, with  the  confused  forces  already  there,  gallantly 
struggles  to  organize  a  line  and  make  a  new  stand, 
but  without  success.  Our  forces  recross  the  Neck  and 
occupy  Ploughed  Hill,  now  Mount  Benedict,  at  its  head; 
but  there  is  no  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  British  to 
jmi'sue,  for  the  terrible  slaughter  too  well  attests  the 
price  at  which  the  nominal  victory  has  been  obtained. 

The  loss  of  the  British,  according  to  General  Gage's 
account,  was  in  killed  antl  wounded  ten  hundred  and 
fifty-four,  and  it  was  generally  believed  that  this  was 
understated  by  him.  There  was  inducement  enough 
to  do  this;  for  so  disastrous  was  his  despatch  felt  to 
be  that  the  government  hesitated  to  give  it  to  the 
public,  until  forced  to  do  so  by  the  taunts  of  those 
who  had  opposed  the  war,  and  the  method  by  which 
it  had  been  provoked. 

Sir  William  Howe  seemed  to  have  borne  that  day  a 
charmed  life ;  for,  while  ten  officers  of  his  staff  were 
among  the  killed  and  Avounded,  he  had  escaped  sub- 
stantially uninjured.  His  white  silk  stockings,  draggled 
with  the  crimson  stain  of  the  grass,  wet  with  the  blood 


BATTLE    OP   BUNKEIl  HILL. 


107 


of  his  men,  attested  that  he  had  kept  the  promise  made 
to  them  on  the  beaeh,  that  he  should  ask  no  man  to  go 
further  than  he  was  prepared  to  lead. 

On  the  American  side  the  loss,  as  reported  by  the 
Committee  of  Safety,  was  in  killed  and  wounded  four 
hundred  and  forty-nine, — by  far  the  larger  part  of  these 
casualties  occurring  in  the  capture  of  the  redoubt,  and 
after  the  retreat  commenced.  Prescott,  who,  in  the 
hours  that  had  passed  since  he  left  Cambridge,  had 
done  for  the  independence  of  his  country  work  that 
the  greatest  might  well  be  satisfied  with  doing  in  a 
lifetime,  was  unhurt;  but  as  the  retreat  commenced 
Warren  had  fallen,  than  whom  no  man  in  America 
could  have  been  more  deeply  deplored. 

Massachusetts  in  her  Congress,  and  the  citizens  of 
all  the  colonies,  united  in  doing  honor  to  his  heroic 
self-sacrifice,  and  pure,  noble  fame;  but  no  eulogy  was 
more  gi'aceful  than  that  of  Mrs.  John  Adams,  herself 
one  of  the  most  interesting  figures  of  the  Revolution, 
or  more  touching  than  that  of  the  warm-hearted  Pome- 
roy,  who  lamented  the  cajjrice  of  that  fortune  which  had 
spared  him  in  the  day  of  battle,  an  old  war-worn  soldier 
whose  work  was  nearly  done,  and  taken  Warren  in  the 
l)rightness  of  his  youth,  and  with  his  vast  capacity  to 
sei-ve  his  country.  Yet  for  him  who  shall  say  it  was 
not  well;  there  are  many  things  in  life  dearer  than  life 
itself:  honor  in  its  true  and  noble  sense,  patriotism, 
duty,  all  are  dearer:  to  all  these  he  had  been  faithful. 
His  position  is  forever  among  the  heroes  and  martyrs 
of  liberty,  —  his  reward  forever  in  the  affection  of  a 
grateful  people.     As  the  dead  always  bear  to  -is  the 


i  .1 1. 


m 


II 


ill' 


hv''i' 


108  CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEUSAUY   OF   THE 

image  which  they  last  bore  when  on  earth,  and  as  by 
the  subtle  power  of  the  imagination  we  sunnnon  before 
us  the  brave  who  stood  here  for  their  country,  that  noble 
])resence,  majestic  in  its  manly  beauty,  seems  to  rise 
again,  although  a  hundred  years  are  gone,  WMth  all  the 
lire  of  his  burning  eloquence,  with  all  the  ardor  of  his 
patriotic  enthusiasm,  with  all  the  loftiness  of  his  gen- 
erou-s  self-devotion.  So  shall  it  seem  to  rise,  although 
centuries  moi-e  shall  pass,  to  inspire  liis  countrymen  in 
every  hour  of  doubt  and  trial  with  a  valor  and  patriotism 
kindred  to  his  own. 

The  story  I  have  told,  fellow-citizens,  has  been  often 
related  before  you  far  more  vividly;  nor  has  it  been  in 
my  power  to  add  anything  to  the  facts  which  patient 
and  loving  investigation  has  long  since  brought  to  light. 
Tested  by  the  simple  rule  that  whoever  holds  or  gains 
the  ground  fought  for  wins  the  victory,  the  battle  was, 
of  course,  at  its  close,  a  defeat  for  the  provincial  forces ; 
but  it  was  a  defeat  that  carried  and  deserved  to  carry 
with  it  all  the  moral  consequences  of  a  victory.     As 
General  Burgoyne  gazed  from  Copp's  Hill  on  the  scene 
which  he  so  graphically  describes  in   a  letter  to  Lord 
Stanley,  he  was  saddened,  he  says,  "  by  the  reflection 
that  a  defeat  woidd  be  perhaps  the  loss  of  the  British 
empire    in  America; "  but,   although    in   his    eyes    a 
victory,  it  was  one  which  equally  marked  the  loss  of 
that  empire. 

The  lesson  drawn  from  it  was  the  same  both  in 
Europe  and  America.  "England,"  wrote  Franklin, 
"has  lost  her  colonies  forever;"  and  Washington,  as 
he  listened  with  intense  interest  to  the  narrative,  and 


mi 


BATTLE    OF   BUNKEK  HILL.  109 

heard  that  tlie  troops  he  was  coming"  to  command  had 
not  only  withstood  the  lire  of  the  regulars,  but  had 
again  and  again  repulsed  them,  renewed  his  expressions 
of  coniidence  in  final  victory. 

In  England  the  news  was  received  Avith  mortification 
and  astonishment;  no  loss  in  proportion  to  the  immber 
engaged  had  ever  been  known  so  serious;  and  in  the 
excited  debates  of  the  Parliament  it  was  aiterwards 
alleged  to  have  been  caused  by  the  misbehavior  of  the 
troops  themselves.  The  charge  was  certainly  unjust; 
for,  whatever  may  be  thought  of  his  own  management, 
the  troops  he  had  directed  deserved  the  praise  that 
General  Gage  gave  them  wlien  he  said,  "  British  valor 
had  never  been  more  conspicuous  than  in  this  action." 
From  his  eyes  the  scales  seemed  to  have  fallen  at  last; 
and  closely  beleaguered  still,  even  after  the  victory  he 
claimed,  he  acknowledged  that  the  people  of  !New 
England  were  not  "  the  despicable  rabble  they  had 
sometimes  been  represented,"  and  recognized  that  an 
oifensive  campaign  hei'c  was  not  possible. 

The  shi-ewd  Count  Vergennes,  who,  in  the  hour  of 
the  humiliation  of  France  by  the  loss  of  her  colonial 
possessions,  had  predicted  that  she  would  be  avenged 
by  those  whose  hands  had  largely  wrought  it,  and  that 
as  the  colonies  no  longer  needed  the  protection  of  Great 
Britain  they  would  end  by  shaking  ofl^'  all  dependence 
u])on  her,  was  now  the  French  ]\[inistcr  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  and  keenly  renuu'kcd  that  "  if  it  won  two  more 
such  victories  as  it  had  won  at  Bunker  Hill,  there 
would  be  no  Bi'itish  army  in  America." 

The  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  had  consolidated  the  Rev- 


110 


CENTENNIAL   ANN1VEU8AUY   OF   TllK 


i! 


olntion.     Had  the  result  been  (liffevent;    had  it  been 
shown   that   the   hasty,   ill-disoii)lined   k'vies   of  New 
Enghmd  could  not  stand  l)efore  the  ti'oops  of  the  "king 
(or  the   ministerial  troops,  as   our  official    docmnents 
called  them) ;  had  the  easy  victory  over  them,  which 
had  been    foolishly   promised,  been  weakly  conceded, 
—  the  cause  of  independence  might  have  been  indefi- 
nitely   postponed.     Nj;y,    it    is    not    impossible     that 
armed  resistance  might  for  the  time  have  ended,  and 
that  other  col6nies  not  so  deeply  involved  in  the  con- 
test might  have  extricated   themselves,  each   making 
such  tei-ms  as  it  pleased  or  as  it  could.     But  the  cool- 
ness and  splendid  valor  with  which  the   best   troops 
then  known   had  been  met,  the  repulses  which  they 
had   again   and   again    encountered,   the    bloody   and 
fearful   cost   at   which   they   had    finally   carried    the 
coveted  point,  that  their  opponents  had  yielded   only 
when  ammunition  utterly  failed  —  had  shown  that  the 
yeomanry  of  New  England  were  the  true  descendants 
of  that  race  who,  on  the  battle-fields  of  England,  had 
stood  against  and  triumphed  over  King  Charles  and 
his    cavaliers.     "New    England    alone,^'    said    Jolm^ 
Adams,  "  can  maintain  this  war  for  years."     He  was 
right;  the  divisions  that  existed  elsewhere  were  prac- 
tically unknoAvn  here;  no  matter  what  colonies  hesi- 
tated or  doubted,  her  path  was  straightforward,  and 
her    goal    was     independence.     While     her    colonies 
deferred   to   the   Continental   Congress    the    form    of 
government  they  should  adopt,  each  had  taken  into 
its  own  hands  all  the  powers  that  rightfully  belong  to 
sovereign    States,    and    exercised    them    through    its 


BATTLE   OP   BUNKER    IirLL.  Ill 

'l^rovlneial  Congress  and  its  committees.  Heartily 
desiring  and  eagerly  looking  forward  to  u  union  of 
the  colonies,  she  had  settled  that  in  her  local  alfairs 
she  was  competent  to  govern  herself:  this  she  had 
maintained  that  day  in  arms,  and  her  period  of 
vassalage  was  over. 

Willingly  would  I  pursue  the  theme  further;  but  the 
limits  which  custom  prescribes  for  an  address  of  this 
nature  are  too  narrow  to  permit  this.  You  know  well 
the  years  of  doubt,  anxiety,  and  struggle  that  succeeded; 
but  before  we  part  something  should  be  said  of  those 
that  have  passed  since  their  triumphant  close. 

I  have  forborne  to  speak  of  the  causes  which  led  to 
.the  American  Revolution.  They  have  recently  been 
so  carefully  and  ably  analyzed  by  the  distinguished 
orators  who  aided  in  the  celebrations  at  Concord  and 
Lexington,  that  I  have  preferred  to  devote  a  few 
moments  to  a  consideration  of  some  of  its  eftects,  by 
which  the  propriety  and  wisdom  of  such  a  movement 
in  human  alfairs  must  always  be  eventually  tested. 

That  the  formation  and  adoption  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  has  been  to  us,  since  our  inde- 
pendence was  finally  achieved,  the  great  event  of  the 
century,  must  be  universally  conceded.  It  was  the 
great  good  fortune  and  the  crowning  triumph  of  the 
statesmen  who  guided  us  through  the  Revolution,  that 
they  lived  long  enough  to  embody  its  results  in  a 
permanent  and  durable  ibrm;  for  it  is  harder  to  secure 
the  fruits  of  a  victory  than  to  win  the  victory  itself. 
Many  a  day  of  tiiumph  upon  the  field  has  been  but  a 
day  of  carnage  and  of  empty  gloiy,  barren  in  all  that 


112 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVETiSARY   OF   THE 


III 


iii 


liJ"i 


&  I 


was  valuable;  and  the  victories  that  have  been  won 
upon  the  political  field  are  no  exceptions  to  the  rule, 
with  which  history  teems  with  illustrations. 

Our  ancient  ally,  whose  services  duriug  the  last 
years  of  our  war  were  of  so  much  vahie  to  our  ex- 
hausted treasury  and  armies,  and  whose  gift  of  the 
generous  and  chivalric  Lafayette  at  its  opening  was 
almost  equally  ])recious,  passed  a  few  years  later  than 
we  through  its  own  desperate  struggle;  yet,  although 
that  tierce  tide  swept  in  a  sea  of  fire  and  blood  over  all 
the  ancient  institutions  of  the  monarchy,  how  impossi- 
ble it  has  proved  to  this  day  for  Fi-anee  to  supply  the 
place  of  the  government  which  it  so  sternly  overthrew 
with  one  thoroughly  permanent,  giving  peace  and 
security!  Kepublic,  Directory,  Consulate,  Empire, 
Kingdom,  have  had  their  turn ;  dynasty  after  dynasty, 
faction  after  faction,  have  asserted  their  sway  over 
her. 

For  a   government   under  the   constitutions   of  the 
several  States,  and  under  that  of  the  United  States,  this 
people  was  prepared  alike  by  its  previous  history,  and 
by  that  which  followed  its  separation  from  Britain.     It 
was  the  legitimate  outgrowth  of  experience,  and  not  a 
government  framed,  like  those  of  the  Abbe  Sieyes  at 
the  end  of  their  revolution  for  the  French,  by  the  aid 
of  philosophic  speculation,   and  on   the  basis  of  that 
which  should  be,  and  not  of  that  which  was.     While 
the  colonies,  by  means  of  their  i-epresentative  and  leg- 
islative  systems,  had   been   accustomed   to   deal   with 
their  local  affairs,  and  impose  their  local  taxation,  and 
had  successfully  resisted  the  attempt  to  interfere  with 


BATTLE    OP   lUJXKKU    HILL.  "    113 

these  rights,  yet,  from  the  reUition  they  had  also  been 
nceustomed  to  sustain  toward  JJi-itain,  it  was  not  to 
tlieni  a  novel  idea  that  two  governments,  eaeh  com- 
plete and  supreme  within  its  sphere,  might  coexist,  the 
one  controlling  the  local  allairs  of  each  individual 
State,  while  the  othei-  exercised  its  powers  over  all  in 
their  intercourse  with  each  other  and  with  foreiffn 
nations. 

Painfully  conscious  of  their  weakness,  the  desire  for 
a  union  of  all  had  gone  hand  in  hand  with  the  desire  of 
eaeh  to  preserve  its  own  separate  organization.  The 
first  Continental  Congress  had  not  exercised  political 
authority;  it  had  assembled  only  on  behalf  of  the 
United  Colonies  to  petition  and  remonstrate  against  the 
various  arbitrary  acts  of  the  British  government. 
Those  which  followed,  however,  with  patriotic  courage 
had  boldly  seized  the  highest  powers;  yet,  as  they 
could  exercise  such  powers  only  so  far  as  each  State 
gave  its  assent  and  sustained  them,  the  necessary 
result  followed  that  their  decrees  were  often  but  feebly 
executed,  and  sometimes  utterly  disregarded.  Later 
in  the  war  the  Confederation  had  followed,  by  which  it 
had  been  sought  to  fix  more  definitely  the  relation  of 
the  States  by  giving  more  determinate  authority  to  the 
Congress,  and  to  rescue  the  country  from  the  financial 
ruin  which  had  overtaken  it. 

But  the  powers  of  the  Congress  of  the  Confedera- 
tion, like  those  of  the  Continental  Congress,  were  such 
as  were  consistent  only  with  a  league  of  sovereign  and 
independent  States,  and  were  in  their  exercise  less 
efl3.caciou8,  because  they  had  been  carefully  defiiled  and 

16 


114 


CKNTKNNrAL    ANNIVEllSAUY   OF   THE 


limited.  The  C.'onfedeiation  did  not  coiiHtitutc  a  gov- 
ernment; it  did  not  assnme  to  act  npoii  tlie  people,  but 
upon  the  seveial  States;  and  upon  them  no'meaus 
existed  of  enlbreing  its  requisitions  and  decrees,  or  of 
compelling-  them  to  the  perlbrmance  of  the  treaties  it 
might  make,  or  the  obligations  it  might  incur.  Among 
allied  powers,  from  the  nature  of  the  case,  there  is  no 
mode  of  enforcing  the  agreement  of  alliance  except  by 
war. 

The  great  work  of  achieving  independence  had,  how- 
ever, been  completed  by  the^  Confederation  in  spite  of 
all  its  weakness  and  inherent  defects.  These  were, 
however,  more  clearly  seen  when  the  sense  of  an  imme- 
diate and  common  danger,  and  the  cohesive  pressure  of 
war,  were  withdrawn.  A  mere  aggregation  of  States 
could  not  take  its  place  among  the  peoples  of  the  world. 
A  national  sovereignty  was  needed,  capable  of  establish- 
ing a  financial  system  of  its  own,  of  raising  money  for 
its  own  support  by  taxation  or  regulations  of  trade,  of 
forming  ti-eaties  with  sulticient  power  to  execute  them, 
of  insuring  order  in  every  State,  of  bringing  each  State 
into  proper  relations  with  the  others,  and  able,  if  need 
be,  to  declare  Avar  or  maintain  peace,  —  a  sovereignty 
which  shonld  act  directly  on  the  people  themselves  in 
the  exercise  of  all  its  rightful  powers,  and  not  throngh 
the  intervention  of  the  States. 

The  years  of  unexampled  depression  which  followed 
peace  with  Britain  were  not  attributable  only  to  the 
exhaustion  of  war:  the  impossibility  of  establishing  a 
financial  or  a  commeix'ial  system,  the  sense  of  insecurity 
that  prevailed,  paralyzed  industry  and  enterprise.     Al- 


^ 


liATTLK    OK    lUJNKKK    HIM..  U;"; 

ready  Jarrinf^s  and  contc'st.s  hotwuen  thu  Hovcral  States 
])re.sa«,^ed  the  dan;;i'r  which  had  destroyed  the  republies 
of  (ireeee  and  those  ol'  Italy  (lurin<,^  the  Middk'  Aj,^eH; 
already  eivil  discord,  which,  aUhou^di  supix-es.sed,  had 
thrown  the  State  temporarily  Into  confusion,  had  made 
its  appearance  in  Massachusetts;  already  doubts  he^^an 
to  be  expressed,  even  by  some  who  had  been  ardent  in 
the  patriot  cause,  whether  they  had  been  wise  to  separate 
from  a  <,^overnment  which,  even  if  monai-chical,  was 
strong  and  able  to  did'end  and  protect  its  subjects ;  and 
it  had  come  to  be  realized  that  there  must  be  somewhere 
a  controUin"^  power  competent  to  maintain  peace  between 
the  States,  and  to  gu.  rantee  to  each  the  security  of  its 
own  govci'nment. 

The  Convention  which  met  at  Philadelphia  in  1787 
gave  these  States  a  government,  and  made  them  a  na- 
tion; and  while  I  know  to  that  which  is  impersonal 
there  is  wanting  much  of  the  ardor  that  i)ei'sonal  loy- 
alty inspires,  yet,  so  far  as  there  may  be  warmth  in  the 
devotion  we  cherish  for  an  institution,  it  should  awaken 
at  the  mention  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
The  noble  preamble  declares  by  whom  it  is  made,  and 
defines  its  purposes :  "  We,  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union,  establish 
justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the 
common  defence,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  se- 
cure the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  pos- 
terity, do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the 
United  States  of  America."  In  the  largest  measure  it 
has  fulfilled  these  objects;  and  the  judgment  and  far- 
seeing  wisdom  with  which  its  founders  met  the  difficul- 


116 


CKNTKNNIAL    ANMVElt.SAKV    Ol'   TlIK 


ill  :-' 


tioH  ht'fbro  them  more  jmd  more  cliallen^j^e  our  admirji- 
tion  as  the  years  advance  and  the  repnlilie  extends. 

Formed  by  men  wh(>  dillered  widely  in  their  views, — 
Homc  who  eUm^  resohitely  still  to  the  idea  tliat  it  wa- 
danfjferous  to  the  liberties  of  tlu^  States  to  eonstituti'  an 
eilicient  central  power,  and  othei-s  who,  like  Hamilton, 
preferred  a  (onsolidated  government  whose  model  should 
I)e  the  British  Constitution,  —  it  might  easily  have  been 
tluit  a  government  so  framed  should  have  been  a  pateh- 
work  of*  incongruities,  whose  discordant  and  ii-rccon- 
cilable  provisions  would  have  revealed  alteriuitely  the 
intluence  of  either  opinion.  Yet,  ditfering  although 
they  did,  they  were  statesmen  still;  and,  educated  in  the 
rough  scliool  of  adversity  and  trial,  they  realized  that  a 
government  must  be  constructed  capable  alike  of  daily 
efHcient  practical  operation,  and  of  adapting  itself  to 
the  constantly  varying  exigencies  in  which  sovereign 
States  nuist  act.  How  doubtful  they  were  of  their  suc- 
cess, how  nobly  they  succeeded  in  the  government  they 
made,  to-day  we  know. 

We  have  seen  its  vast  capacity  for  expansion  as  it 
has  received  under  the  shield,  on  which  are  eud)lazoned 
the  arms  of  the  Union,  State  alter  State,  as  it  has  arisen 
in  what  was  on  the  day  of  its  formation  the  untrodden 
wilderness,  and  advanced  to  the  blessings  of  liberty  and 
civilization;  we  have  recognized  the  flexibility  it  pos- 
sesses in  leaving  to  States  materially  differing  in  local 
characteristics  and  interests  the  control  and  manage- 
ment of  their  immediate  affairs;  and  we  have  known  its 
capacity  to  vindicate  itself  in  the  wildest  storm  of  civil 
commotion. 


HATTLK   OF    HUNKKU    HILL.  117 

liCt  UH  ;j:uiird  tliiH  Union  woll;  for  as  upon  It  all  that 
is  <»l„|.i,,„H  i„  (In.  |,.,st  •,^  i-cHlinn^,  so  upon  it  all  ourlioiu'S 
of  the  lulureaic  founded.  Lot  uh  demand,  of  those  who 
are  to  adi  liHter  ItH  «^reat  powers,  purity,  disinterested- 
neHs,  devok  on  to  well-Hettled,  eari^fully  considered  j)rin- 
ciplcH  and  eonvictions.  Let  us  eherisii  the  homely  hut 
manly  virtues  of  the  men  who  for  it  met  the  storm  of 
war  in  behalf  of  u«^ovenmient  and  a  country;  their  sim- 
l)le  faith  in  what  was  just  and  ri<i:]it,  that  found  its  root 
in  their  unswerving  belief  in  something  higher  than 
mere  hunum  guidance.  Let  us  encourage  that  univer- 
sal education,  that  diffusion  of  knowledge,  which  every- 
where o])pose  themselves  as  barriers,  steadily  and  firmly, 
alike  to  ])lim(ler  and  fraud,  to  disorder  and  tui'bulence. 
Al)ove  all,  let  ns  strive  to  maintain  and  renew  the  fra- 
ternal feeling  which  should  exist  between  all  the  States 
of  the  Union. 

We  will  not  pretend  that  the  trial  through  which  we 
have  passed  has  faded  either  from  our  hearts  or  memo- 
ries; yet  no  one  will,  I  trust,  believe  that  1  would  rudely 
rake  open  the  smouldering  embers  that  all  would  gladly 
wish  to  see  extinguished  forever,  or  that,  deeply  as  I 
feel  our  great  and  solemn  obligations  to  those  who  pre- 
served and  defended  the  Union,  I  would  sjjcak  one  word 
except  with  respect  and  in  kindness  even  to  those  Avho 
assailed  it,  yet  who  have  now  submitted  to  its  power. 

In  the  Union  two  classes  of  States  had  their  place 
differing  radically  in  this,  that  in  the  one  the  system  oi 
slavery  existed.  It  was  a  difficulty  which  the  fathers 
could  not  eliminate  from  the  problem  before  them.  They 
dealt  with   it  with  all  the  wisdom  and  foresight  they 


118 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEJ{SA]{Y   OE    THE 


possessed.  Strongly  impressed  in  their  belief  of  the 
equal  rights  of  man,  —  for  their  discussions  had  com- 
pelled them  to  deal  with  fundamental  principles,  —  they 
were  not  so  destitute  of  philosophy  that  they  did  not  see 
that  what  they  denumded  for  themselves  should  be  ac- 
corded to  others;  and,  believing  that  the  whole  system 
would  fade  before  the  noble  influence  of  free  government 
as  a  dark  cloud  melts  and  drills  away,  they  watched, 
and  with  jealous  care,  that  when  that  day  came  the 
instrument  they  signed  should  bear  no  trace  of  its 
existence.  It  was  not  thus  to  be,  and  the  system  has 
passed  away  in  the  tempest  of  battle  and  amid  the  clang 
of  arms. 

The  conflict  is  over,  the  race  long  subject  is  restored 
to  liberty,  and  the  nation  has  had  "under  God  a  new 
birth  of  freedom."  No  executions,  no  harsh  punish- 
ments, have  sullied  the  conclusion;  day  by  day  the 
material  evidences  of  war  fade  from  our  sight,  the 
bastions  sink  to  the  level  of  the  ground  which  sur- 
rounded them,  scarp  and  counter-scarp  meet  in  the  ditch 
which  divided  them.  So  let  them  pass  away  forever. 
The  contest  is  marked  distinctly  only  by  the  changes  in 
the  oi-ganic  laws  of  the  Constitution,  which  embody 
in  more  definite  forms  the  immortal  truths  of  the 
Declaration  of  Indc'ijendence.  That  these  include  more 
than  its  logical  and  necessary  results  cannot  fairly  be 
contended.  Did  I  believe  that  they  /embraced  more  than 
these,  did  I  find  in  that  great  instrument  any  changes 
which  should  i)lace  or  seek  to  place  one  State  above 
another,  or  above  another  class  of  States,  so  as  to  mark 
a  victory  of  sections  or  localities,  I  could  not  rejoice,  for 


i  , 

1  k 

;;; 

il 

j 

BATTLE    OF   BUNKER   HILL. 


119 


I    should    know   that   we    had   planted   the   seeds   of 
"  unnumbered  woes." 

To-day  it  is  the  highest  duty  of  all,  no  matter  on 
what  side  tliey  were,  but,  above  all,  of  those  who  have 
struggled  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  to  strive 
that  it  become  one  of  gererous  confidence,  in  which  all 
the  States  shall,  as  of  old,  stand  shoulder  to  shoulder,  if 
need  be,  against  the  world  in  arms.  Toward  those  with 
whom  we  were  lately  in  conflict,  and  who  recognize  that 
the  results  are  to  be  kept  inviolate,  there  should  be  no 
feeling  of  i-esent.nent  or  bitterness.  To  the  necessity  of 
events  they  have  submitted;  to  the  changes  in  the 
Constitution  they  have  assented;  we  cannot  and  we  do 
not  think  zo  basely  or  so  meanly  of  them  as  to  believe 
that  they  have  done  so  except  generously  and  without 
mental  reservation. 

We  know  that  it  is  not  easy  to  readjust  all  the  rela- 
tions of  society  when  one  form  is  suddenly  swept  away; 
that  the  sword  does  its  work  nidely,  and  not  Avith  that 
gradual  prepai-ation  which  attends  the  changes  of  peace. 
We  realize  that  there  are  difiiculties  and  distrusts  not  to 
be  removed  at  once  between  those  who  have  been  mas- 
ters and  slaves;  yet  there  are  none  which  will  not  ulti- 
mately disappear.  All  true  men  are  with  the  South  in 
demanding  for  her  peace,  order,  honest  and  good  gov- 
ernment, and  encouraging  her  in  the  work  of  rebuilding 
all  that  has  been  made  desolate.  We  need  not  doubt 
the  issue;  she  will  not  stand  as  the  "  Niobe  of  nations," 
lamenting  her  sad  fate;  she  will  not  look  back  to 
deplore  a  past  which  cannot  and  should  not  return;  but 
with  the  fire  of  her  ancient  courage  she  will  gird  her- 


^w 


1.1 


'M 


120  CENTENNIAL   ANNIVERSARY   OF   THE 

self  up  to  the  emergencies  of  her  new  situation,  she  will 
unite  her  people  by  the  bonds  of  that  mutual  conHclenee 
which  their  mutual  interests  demand,  and  renew  her 
former   piosperity   and  her   rightful   influence    in   the 

Union. 

Fellow-citizens,  we  stand  to-day  on  a  great  battle-field 
in  honor  of  the  patriotism  and  valor  of  those  who  fought 
upon  it.     It  is  the  step  which  they  made  in  the  world's 
history  we  would  seek  to  commemorate;  it  is  the  exam- 
ple which  they  have  oft'ered  us  we  would  seek  to  imi- 
tate.    The  wise  and  thoughtful  men  who  directed  this 
controversy  knew  well  that  it  is  by  the  wars  personal 
ambition  has  stimulated,  by  the  armies  whose  force  has 
been  wielded  alike  for  domestic  oppression  or  foreign 
conquest,  that  the  sway  of  despots  has  been  so  widely 
maintained.     They  had  no  love  for  war  or  any  of  its 
works,  but  they  were  ready  to  meet  its  dangers  in  their 
attachment  to  the  cause  of  civil  and  religious  liberty. 
They  desired  to  found  no  Roman  repubUc,  "  whose  ban- 
ners, fanned  by  conquest's  crimson  wing,"  should  float 
victorious  over  prostrate   nations,  but   one   where  the 
serene  beauty  of  the  arts  of  peace  should  put  to  shame 
the  strifes  that  have  impoverished  peoples  and  degraded 
nations.     To-day  let  us  rejoice  in  the  liberty  whicli  they 
have  gained  for  us;  but  let  no  utterances  but  those  of 
peace  salute  our  ears,  no  thoughts  but  those  of  peace 
animate  our  hearts. 

Above  the  plains  of  Marathon,  even  now,  as  the  Gre- 
cian shepherd  watches  over  his  flocks,  he  ftincies  that 
the  skies  sometimes  are  filled  with  lurid  light,  and  that 
in  the  clouds  above  are  re-enacted  the  scenes  of  that 


BATTLE    or  BUNICER   Iin.L. 


121 


groat  day  when,  on  the  field  below,  Greece  maintained 
her  freedom  against  the  hordes  who  had  assailed  her. 
Again  seem  to  come  in  long  array,  "  rich  with  barbaric 
pearl  and  gold,"  the  tnrbaned  ranks  of  the  Persian  host, 
and  the  air  is  filled  with  the  clang  of  sword  and  shield, 
as  again  the  fiery  Cireek  seems  to  throw  himself  upon 
and  drive  before  him  his  foreign  invader;  siiadows 
although  all  are  that  flit  in  wild,  confused  masses  alonjr 
the  spectral  sky. 

Above  the  field  where  we  stand,  even  in  the  wildest 
dream,  may  no  such  scenes  olfend  the  calmness  of  the 
upper  air,  but  may  the  stars  look  forever  down  upon 
prosperity  and  peace,  upon  the  bay  studded  with  its 
white-winged  ships,  upon  the  populous-  and  far  extend- 
ing city,  with  its  marts  of  commerce,  its  palaces  of 
industry,  its  temples,  where  each  man  may  worship 
according  to  his  own  conscience;  and,  as  the  continent 
shall  pass  beneath  their  steady  rays,  may  the  millions  of 
happy  homes  attest  a  land  where  the  benign  influence 
of  free  government  has  brought  happiness  and  content- 
ment, where  labor  is  rewarded,  where  manhood  is  hon- 
ored, and  where  virtue  and  religion  are  revered  1 

Peace  forever  with  the  great  country  from  which  the 
day  we  commemorate  did  so  much  rudely  to  dissever  us! 
If  there  were  in  that  time,  or  if  there  have  been  since, 
many  things  which  we  could  have  wished  otherwise,  we 
can  easily  afford  to  let  them  pass  into  oblivion.  But  we 
do  not  forget  in  the  struggle  of  the  Kevolution  how 
many  of  her  statesmen  stood  forth  to  assert  the  justice 
of  our  cause,  and  to  demand  for  us  the  rights  of  which 
we  had  been  deprived  until  the  celebrated  address  was 

16    , 


mil  ' ;''    I 


Wi '  ii!  i 


4      I 


122 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEESAEY   OP   THE 


passed  which  declared  that  the  House  of  Commons 
would  consider  as  enemies  to  the  king  and  country  all 
those  who  would  further  attempt  the  prosecution  of  a 
war  on  the  continent  of  America  for  the  purpose  of 
reducing  the  American  colonies  to  obedience. 

From  her  we  have  drawn  the  great  body  of  laws 
which,  modified  and  adapted  to  our  different  situation, 
protect  us  to-day  in  our  property,  its  descent,  possession, 
and  transmission,  and  which  guard  our  dearer  personal 
rights  by  the  habeas  corpus  and  the  trial  by  jury.  They 
were  our  countrymen  who  from  the  days  of  King  John 
to  those  of  George  III.  have  made  of  her  a  land  in 
which  "freedom  has  broadened  slowly  down  from 
precedent  to  precedent." 

It  was  she  that  had  placed  her  foot  upon  the  "  divine 
right  of  kings,"  and  solemnly  maintained  that  govern- 
ments exist  only  by  consent  of  the  governed,  when,  in 
1688,  she  changed  the  succession  to  the  British  crown, 
and  caused  her  rulers  to  reign  thereafter  by  a  statute  of 
Parliament. 

From  her  we  learned  the  great  lessons  of  con- 
stitutional liberty  which  as  against  her  we  resolutely 
asserted.  There  was  no  colony  of  any  other  kingdom 
of  Europe  that  would  have  dreamed  of  demanding  as 
rights  those  things  which  our  fathers  deemed  their 
inheritance  as  Englishmen,  none  that  would  not  have 
yielded  unhesitatingly  to  any  injunction  of  the  parent 
State.  Whatever  differences  have  been  or  may  here- 
after come,  let  us  remember  still  that  we  are  the  only 
two  great  distinctly  settled  free  governments,  and  that 


BATTLE    OP   BUXKER   HILL.  123 

the  noble  P]nglish  tongue  in  which  we  speak  aUke  is 
"  the  language  of  freemen  throughout  the  world." 

Above  all,  may  there  be  peace  forever  among  the 
States  of  this  Union !  "  The  blood  spilt  here,"  said 
Washington  upon  the  place  where  we  stand,  "roused 
the  whole  American  people,  and  united  them  in  defence 
of  their  rights, — that  Union  will  never  be  broken." 
Prophecies  may  be  made  to  work  their  own  fulfilment ; 
and,  whatever  may  have  been  our  trials  and  our  difficul- 
ties, let  us  spare  no  eflforts  that  this  shall  be  realized. 
Achieving  our  independence  by  a  common  struggle, 
endowed  to-day  with  common  institutions,  we  see  even 
more  clearly  than  before  that  the  States  of  this  Union 
have  before  them  a  common  destiny. 

We  have  commenced  here  in  Massachusetts  the  cele- 
bration of  that  series  of  events  which  made  of  us  a 
nation;  and  let  each,  as  it  approaches  in  the  centennial 
cycle,  serve  to  kindle  anew  the  fires  of  patriotism.  Let 
us  meet  on  the  fields  where  our  fathers  fought,  and 
where  they  lie,  whether  they  fell  with  the  stern  joy  of 
victory  irradiating  their  countenances,  or  in  the  gloomy 
hours  of  disaster  and  defeat.  Alike  in  remembrance  of 
Saratoga  and  Yorktown,  and  of  the  dreary  winter  of 
Valley  Forge,  at  Trenton  and  Princeton,  and  at  the 
spots  immortalized  in  the  bloody  campaign  of  the  Jer- 
seys, at  King's  Mountain  and  Charleston,  at  Camden 
and  Guilford  Court  House,  and  along  the  track  of  the 
steadily  fighting,  slowly  retreating  Greene  through  the 
Carolinas. 

Above  all,  at  the  city  from  which  went  forth  the 
Declaration  that  we  were,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  a 


Ili 


lit 


III  ■  i?l 


i  :i  i 


124 


CE^TEN^•IAL   ^VNNIVEllSAllY   OF   THE 


free  and  iuclepondcnt  nation,  let  us  gather,  and,  by  the 
sacred  memories  of  the  great  departed,  pledge  ourselves 
to  transmit  nntarnished  the  heritage  they  have  left  us. 

The  soldiers  of  the  lievolution  are  gone,  the  states- 
men who  embodied  their  work  in  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  have  passed  away.  AVith  them,  too,  sleep 
those  Avho  in  the  earlier  days  watched  the  development 
of  this  wondrous  frame  of  government. 

The  mighty  master  of  thought  and  speech,  by  whose 
voice  fifty  years  ago  was  dedicated  the  Monument  at 
whose  base  we  stand,  and  whose  noble  argument  that 
the  Constitution  is  not  a  compact,  but  a  law,  by  its 
nature  supreme  and  perpetual,  won  for  him  the  proud 
name  of  the  Expounder  of  the  Constitution,  rests  with 
those  whose  work  he  so  nobly  vindicated,  happy  at  least 
that  his  eyes  were  not  permitted  to  behold  the  sad  sight 
of  States  "discordant,  belligerent,  and  drenched  in 
fraternal  blood." 

The  lips  of  him  who  twenty-five  years  ago  commem- 
orated this  anniversary  with  that  surpassing  grace  and 
eloquence  all  his  own,  and  with  that  spirit  of  pure  pat- 
riotism in  which  we  may  strive  at  least  to  imitate  him, 
are  silent  now.  Throughout  the  cruel  years  of  war  that 
clarion  voice,  sweet  yet  far-resounding,  summoned  his 
countrymen  to  the  struggle  on  which  our  Union  de- 
pended; yet  the  last  time  that  it  waked  the  echoes  of  the 
ancient  hall  dedicated  to  liberty,  even  while  the  retiring 
storm  yet  thundered  along  the  horizon,  was,  as  he  would 
have  wished  it  should  have  been,  in  love  and  charity  to 
the  distressed  people  of  the  South. 

But,  although  they  have  passed  beyond  the  veil  which 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKEK  HILL.  125 

separates  the  unseen  world  from  mortal  gaze,  tlie  lessons 
which  they  have  lelt  remain,  adjuring  us  whatever  may 
have  been  the  i)erils,  the  discords,  the  sorrows  of  the 
past,  to  struggle  always  for  that  "  more  perfect  Union  " 
ordained  by  the  Constitution.  Here,  at  least,  however 
poor  and  inadequate  for  an  occasion  that  rises  so  vast 
and  grand  above  us  our  words  may  be,  none  shall  be 
uttered  that  are  not  in  regard  and  love  to  all  of  our 
fellow-citizens,  no  feelings  indulged  except  those  of 
anxious  desire  for  their  prosperity  and  happiness. 

Beside  those  of  ISTew  England,  we  are  gratified  to-day 
by  the  presence  of  military  oi-ganizations  from  New 
York  and  Tennsylvania,  from  Maryland,  Virginia,  and 
South  Carolina,  as  well  as  by  that  o^  distinguished  citi- 
zens from  these  and  other  States  of  the  Union.  Their 
fathers  were  ancient  fiiends  of  Massachusetts;  it  was 
the  inspiration  they  gave  which  strengthened  the  heart 
and  nerved  the  arm  of  every  man  of  New  England.  In 
every  proper  and  lai-ger  sense  the  soil  upon  which  their 
sons  stand  to-day  is  theirs  as  much  as  ours;  and, 
wherever  there  may  have  been  estrangement,  here  at 
least  we  have  met  upon  common  ground.  They  unite 
with  us  in  recognition  of  the  great  principles  of  civil  and 
religious  liberty,  and  in  pious  memory  of  those  who 
vindicated  them;  they  join  with  us  in  the  wish  to  make 
of  this  regenerated  Union  a  power  grander  and  more 
august  than  its  founders  dared  to  hope. 

Standing  always  in  genei-ous  remembrance  of  every 
section  of  the  Union,  neither  now  nor  hereafter  will  we 
distinguish  between  States  or  sections  in  our  anxiety  for 
the  glory  and  happiness  of  all.     To-day  upon  the  verge 


^^ 


^' 


lii 


126 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEUSARY   OP   THE 


of  the  centuries,  as  together  we  look  back  upon  that 
which  is  gone  in  deep  and  heartfelt  gratitude  for  the 
prosperity  so  largely  enjoyed  by  us,  so  together  will  we 
look  forward  serenely  and  with  confidence  to  that  which 
is  advancing.  Together  we  will  utter  our  solemn  aspi- 
rations in  the  spirit  of  the  motto  of  the  city  which  now 
incloses  within  its  limits  the  battle-field  and  the  town  for 
which  it  was  fought:  "As  God  was  to  our  fathers,  so 
may  He  be  to  us ! " 


The  orator  was  listened  to  Avith  close  attention,  and  was 
freqnently  applauded.  At  the  conclusion,  Hon.  E.  R.  Hoar 
proposed  three  cheers  for  General  Devens,  which,  under  the 
lead  of  the  Marshal,  were  heartily  given. 

Afterwards,  the  Apollo  Club  sung  the  following  hymn, 
written  by  Charles  J.vjies  Si'uague  :  — 


I     !'V' 


J* 

id! 

ifji 


Here,  where  the  savage  bands 
Roved  through  the  forest  lands, 

Wild  and  unknown, 
Came  sturdy  men  of  yoro. 
Strong  in  the  faith  they  bore, 
Alaking  this  desert  shore 

Freedom's  high  throne. 

Here,  where  the  pilgrim  few 
Unto  a  nation  grew. 

Spread  far  and  wide. 
Came  an  invading  foe. 
That  throne  to  overthrow 
With  but  a  feeble  blow 

Struck  at  our  pride. 


IjiPfliSi! 


BATTLE    OF   KUNKEll   HILL.  127 

Here,  wliere  the  patriots  stood, 
Caino  tliat  wild  strilcs  of  blood, 

Wlicri!  peace  now  reigns. 
Jlero  hand  to  hand  thc^y  met, 
Hero  then  our  soil  was  wet 
With  the  rod  tide  that  yet 

Throbs  in  our  veins. 

Gone  is  the  savage  now, 
Gone  the  invading  foe, 

Freed  is  our  land. 
O  Lord  of  war  and  peace, 
May  strife  forever  ecase, 
And  may  our  strength  increase. 

Fed  by  Thy  hand ! 

Judge  Wauren  then  iidvanced,  iiiid,  gracefully  acknowl- 
edging the  applause  which  greeted  hiui,  addressed  the  audience 
as  follows :  — 


ADDRESS   BY   G.    WASHINGTON  WARREN,   PRESIDENT   OP 
THE   ASSOCIATION. 

This  is  the  first  centennial  anniversary  of  Bunker 
Hill.  The  century  just  past  has  presented  to  its  suc- 
cessors yonder  national  Monument  of  gratitude  to  the 
heroic  fathers  of  the  republic.  Erected  under  the 
supervision  of  Solomon  Willard,  that  renowned  archi- 
tect, who  spurned  to  take  the  proper  compensation  for 
his  eighteen  years'  service,  being  a  descendant  of  a 
gallant  officer  whose  remains  lie  at  the  foot  of  this 
hill;  consecrated  at  its  commencement  and  completion 
by  the  majestic  Webster,  whose  words  still  live,  and 
can  never  fail  to  instruct;  impelled  in  its  progress  by 
the  silver-voiced,  all-persuasive  Everett  —  the  contribu- 


128 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVEIISARY   OF   THE 


hi 


\t:\ 


tioii  of  the  whole  people,  to  which  Louisiana,  South 
Carolina,  and  the  other  States  joined  with  Massa- 
chusetts, it  stands  the  silent  orator,  gathering,  in  its 
massive  form,  all  the  time-hallowed  associations  of  the 
place;  and,  as  it  lifts  its  gray  head  to  keep  company 
with  the  stars,  and  takes  notes  as  impassively  as  they 
of  the  centuries  that  are  to  follow,  may  it  be  to  all 
the  inhabitants  to  the  remotest  age  an  inspihation  to 
patriotism,  and  to  those  good  works  which  make  for 
the  liberty,  the  union,  and  the  true  gi-andeur  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 

The  Association  invoked  the  presence  of  the  high 
officers  of  the  National  Government  in  its  three  co- 
ordinate departments,  and  of  the  Executive  officer  of 
every  State,  and  of  the  principal  city  thereof.  From 
the  sincere  regrets  of  the  absent  we  know  that  all 
are  here  either  in  the  body  or  in  spirit.  The  heart 
of  Bunker  Hill,  now  crowning  the  metropolis  of  Bos- 
ton, is  big  enough  to  receive  you  all,  and  begs  you 
in  her  name  and  in  her  imdying  glories  to  bury  all 
animosities,  and  to  resolve  that  henceforth  there  shall 
be  no  contention  except  Avho  shall  best  serve  our 
glorious  country. 

We  desired  also  that  every  nation  should  be  repre- 
sented here  by  its  minister  accredited  to  Washington, 
making  this  an  occasion  also  of  international  harmony. 
Yes,  we  desired  very  much  to  be  honored  by  the 
presence  of  the  distinguished  minister  from  our  mother 
country,  whose  good  sovereign  is  nowhere  more  highly 
esteemed  than  here.  In  1871,  Great  Britain  and 
the   United   States  celebrated  this  anniversary  by  the 


WW 


. 


UATTI.K    OF   nUXKKIl    MILL.  120 

following  the  motto  ol"  President  Grant,  "Let  us  have 
l)eaee." 

I'he  l)attlc  of  Hunker  Hill  was  fou<^lit  by  our  lutliens 
in  defence  of  the  principles  of  tlie  IJi'itisli  constitution, 
und  the  issue  lias  been  for  the  healing  of  all  nations. 

At  the  Bunker  Hill  dinner,  fiily  years  ago,  Lafayette 
piedieted  that  the  toast  on  this  Centeiniial  day  would 
be  To  Enfhanciiised  EuKoi'K.  How  far  this  predic- 
tion has  been  verified,  let  the  emancipation  of  the  serfs 
in  Itussia,  the  re-establishment  of  the  republic  in 
France,  the  enlargement  of  the  sutFrage  in  England, 
and  the  general  spread  "of  liberal  principles  and  the 
encouragement  of  learning  everywhere,  answer. 

South  Carolina  has  sent  us  a  palmetto  tree,  which  avc 
have  i)lanted  in  front  by  the  side  of  the  pine  tree.  May 
those  two  State  emblems  to-day  planted  on  15unker 
Hill  be  a  symbol  of  renewed  fraternity,  never  again  to 
be  interrupted.  Let  it  be  taken  also  as  a  pledge  of 
reunion  between  all  the  States;  foi",  with  Massachusetts 
and  South  Carolina  in  full  accord,  as  they  were  one 
hundred  years  ago,  our  Union  is  as  firm  and  enduring 
as  our  Monument,  which  they,  with  true  patriotism, 
joined  together  in  building. 

In  calling  upon  some  of  our  distinguished  guests  to 
address  you  briefly,  I  will  take  the  liberty  to  present  to 
you  first  the  gallant  General  who  has  travelled  fifteen 
hundred  miles  to  participate  in  this  celebration. 

17 


130 


CKNTKNMAri    ANNIVKItSAItY    or   TIIK 


1 


IJKMAItKS   OF   (iKNKItAL    SIIKIiM A\. 

Mr.  J't'csidnif,  /jdt/ics  (ttid  (i< ti/linn  n : — hcCore  iv- 
sp(jn(lin<^  to  your  call,  lot  iiic  take  issue  with  yoiu-  hon- 
ored Pri'sidrnl  in  calling  on  lue  as  the  ?\ational  l{c|)i'e- 
seutative.  Vou  can  see  Ibi*  yourselves  on  this  platl'oiin 
the  Ylcc-l*i'esi(U'nt  of  the  I'nited  States,  several  »Iudjj;eH 
of  the  Supreme  Coui't,  and  about  a  do/en  (iovernoi's  of 
States,  all  of  whom  take  i)recedence  of  nie,  and  all  of 
whom  are  accustomed  to  speak  and  are  expecting  to 
address  you.  Still  it  is  ti'ue  that  I  have  come  about 
(iftei'U  hundred  miles  to  share  in  this  grand  Centennial, 
and  J  am  glad  that  I  have  come. 

If  I  do  nothing  else,  I  can  be  the  first  to  respond  to 
General  Devens'  call,  to  come  on  this  ])latfoi"m  and  renew 
the  pledge  to  maintain  and  defend  the  Constitution  of 
our  country,  to  light  again,  if  need  be,  for  the  old  Hag 
and  those  sacred  principles  of  right  that  were  announced 
ninety-nine  years  ago  by  your  Hancock  and  the 
Adamses.  I  know  that  there  are  many  soldiei's  in 
this  vast  audience,  and,  Avere  I  to  call  on  them  to  come 
forward  and  share  in  this  pledge,  I  am  sure  they  Avould 
promptly  respond  with  an  amen. 

Indeed  do  we  stand  on  sacred  soil  at  the  foot  of  old 
Bunker  Hill  Mommient.  I  almost  feel  pained  to  hear  it 
calkd  Breed's  Hill.  It  was  Bnnker  Hill  when  I  was  a 
boy,  and  to  me  it  is  Bunker  Hill  still.  I  find  it 
recorded  in  Ijold  letters  on  that  granite  shaft,  and  I 
insist  that  it  is  Bunker  Hill.  If  Mr.  Jireed  is  here, 
I  advise  him  to  convey  to  liunker,  and  be  content  witli 
the  other  and  larger  hill  close  by. 


HATTI.K    OK    nUNKKIt    \IUA., 


VM 


I  iissmr  you  thai  I  liavc  listciHMl  with  the  most  iuti'iiMc 
intfivst  to  the  n-niphlc  (Icsciiplion  by  y„iir  omtor,  (ion- 
mil  JK'Vt'iis,  oC  that.  battU-,  Coii-ht  on  this  <,n-oim(l  oiu- 
liuii(hT(l  yi-ais  a^o,  and  conrcss  to  a  soldier's  admira- 
tion of  that  small  hand,  under  Colonel  ]*resoot(,  that  was 
"told  ort'"  in  the  eam[)  at  CamljHd^^c,  to  «jfo,  they  knew 
not  exactly  where,  to  light  the  vi^teran  liritisji  host 
bcK-aguered  in  Boston.  'JMiey  marehed  off  silently  l)y 
night  to  do,  as  soldiers  should,  their  duty;  and  it  was 
providential  that  they  were  eonducted  to  this  very  spot, 
instead  of  the  one  I'urtlier  hack,  desi«,niated  in  tlu-ir 
orders.  I  have  no  doubt  that  General  Devens  has 
truthfully  given  the  narration,  with  a  fair  distribution  of 
the  honoi's. 

Warren,  though  the  senior  present,  did  not  assume,  as 
he  might  have  done,  th(!  sui)reme  eonunand,  but  fouo-ht 
as  a  volnnteei',  and  died  ui)on  the  field  a  martyr  -md  a 
hero,  venei'ated  everywhere. 

Prescott  was  the  actual  commander  on  this  spot.  He 
conducted  his  brigade,  prepared  with  their  intrenching 
tools,  and  with  their  weapons  to  fight.  Silently  and 
with  skill  they  constructed  by  night  the  redoubt  and 
flank  defences,  and  the  daylight  found  them  ready  for 
the  issue.  How  they  fonght  you  have  already  heard, 
and,  as  the  actual  commander  on  Bunker  Hill,  Prescott 
is  entitled  to  all  honor  and  glory. 

General  Putnam,  too,  contributed  large  assistance;  but 
he  has  ample  honor  without  claiming  this.  I  like  to 
think  of  him  in  that  story  of  u  man  riding  down  the 
fabulous  stairs  pictured  in  our  story-books,  at  some 
place,  I    confess    I    now  forget  where.      He   was   a 


132 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVEKSAKY   OF   THE 


I 


1 1 


glorious  old  soldier,  and  his  services  and  examples 
are  worth  a  dozen  monuments  like  this  on  Bunker 
Hill,  even  if  made  of  pure  gold.- 

Now,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  have  responded  to  your 
call,  not  with  any  purpose  to  edify  yon,  bnt  because  you 
seem  to  desire  it ;  and,  though  a  stranger  to  most  of  you, 
I  believe  you  desire  to  simply  look  upon  and  hear  from 
one  of  those  who  have  llitted  across  the  horizon  and 
attracted  some  notice;  but  I  also  thank  you  for  your 
cordial  reception,  and  for  giving  me  the  opportunity  to 
witness  one  of  the  most  gorgeous  pageants  that  has  ever 
occurred  on  this  continent. 

Seated  by  thousands  beneath  this  vast  canopy,  you 
doubtless   esteem   yourselves  a  vast   and  well-ordered 
crowd;  but  you  are  as  nothing  compared  with  the  hosts 
which  to-day  lined  the  streets  of  Boston.     You  hardly 
equal  the  group  which  occupied  each  block  of  the  hun- 
dreds along  which  we  have  passed  to-day;  and  as  the 
newspapers  of  the  morning  will  describe  to  them,  and 
to   all  the  world,  what  occurs   here,  I  will  no  longer 
occupy  your  time,  but  give  place  to  the  many  orators 
that  will  be  proud  to   address  such   an   audience.     I 
again  thank  you  for  your  kind  and  cordial  reception, 
and  apologize  for  detaining  you  so  long. 

The  President  then  said :  -"There  is  a  little  time  left.  I 
propose  to  call  upon  all  the  Governors,  beginning  with  the  Gov- 
ernor who  has  come  farthest  to  see  us.  All  Governors  will 
take  nou.o  thereof  and  fjovern  themselves  accordingly." 

The  Governor  of  Mississippi  and  the  Governor  of  Michigan 
were  called,  but  neither  responded.    The  Governor  of  Pcnnsyl- 


1 


\d  M 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKER  KILL. 


133 


vjiiiiji  was   next  called   for,  and  ujwn  presenting  li'.nisclf  was 
greeted  with  three  cheers. 


KEMAKKS   OK   (JOVEUXOU   IIAHTJ{ANF1\ 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  — I  certainly  feel  a  delicacy 
ill  appearing,-  before  yo;i  as  a  Governor,  because  I  was 
reminded  to-day  that  Governors  were  as  i)lenty  in  this 
town  as  general  officers  were  at  Washington  dnrino- 
the  war,  and  certainly  I  snp])ose  some  of  those  other 
gentlemen  are  now  in  the  field  doing  duty.     I  did  not 
come   fifteen   hnndred   miles,  like   my  friend   General 
Sherman,  but  I  have  brought  with  me  filleen  hundred 
Pennsylvanians   to   take   part  in  this  celebration.      It 
is  not  my  desire  to  make  any  speech,  but  I  know  they 
would  not  like  it  did  I  not  invite  you  I'rom  all  States  in 
the  Union,  and  pledge  you  a  cordial  welcome  to  Phila- 
delphia next  year,  when  the  hundredth  anniversary  of 
our  nation  is  to  be  celebrated.     [The  Pkhsidext.— 
"  We  are  coming."]     The  celebration  is,  of  course,  of  a 
national  charactei-,  and  we  in  common  only  have  our 
share  in  the  ceremonies  and  in  the  exhibition.     But  we 
also  have  a  local  interest  and  pride    in  having  every 
citizen,  whethei-  he  comes  from  the  :N'orth  or  the  South, 
the  East  or  the  W^est,  feel  assured  that  he  will  receive 
all  the  hospitality  that  it  is  in  our  power  to  extend,  and 
that  we  meet  there  as  brothers   and    freemen    around 
those  i'amed  precincts  where  the  charters  of  our  liberties 
were   signed.     Let   ns  there  bury  our  dilferences  and 
our  animosities,  resolving  to  perpetuate  and  transmit, 
nniinpaired  and  indivisible,  the  Union  which  has  been 
given  to  us. 


i< }! 


I 


■   I  ill   iiirMgi  ■'p-' 


r 


134 


CENTENNIAL   ANNrVERSiUlY   OF   THE 


I'  I 
"J  I 


1  ll-'i 


The  Apollo  Club  then  sung  the  following  song,  Avrittcn  l)y 
CiiAKLES  Jaaiks   Sri{A<iL'K:  — 

Knu'dom  dwells  tlirouj-'hont  our  own  beloviHl  land; 

I'p  to  lu'iivon  its  vnici'  is  swolliiijj;; 
Fi-om  the  inountiiiii  heights  alar  to  ocean  strand 

Every  breeze  the  tale  is  telling. 
Nt'ver  weary  of  the  ever  Joyous  song, 
Heart  and  voiee  united  hear  along. 
I.oyal  to  the  end, 
Heady  to  defend. 
Foe  within  and  out  repelling. 

War's  alarum  rolled  a  hundred  years  ago 

O'er  the  peaceful  scene  around  us  ; 
Where  our  patriot  fathers  struck  a  mortal  l)low 

At  tlic  haughty  power  that  l)ound  us. 
Now  from  north  or  south  together  e'er  we  stand, 
Dw<'llers  in  a  free  and  uiighty  laiul. 
Loyal  to  the  end, 
Heady  to  defend, 
What  their  gloried  valor  found  us. 

Freedom  dwells  throughout  om-  own  bi'loved  land. 

Wide  as  heaven  arches  o'er  it ; 
Like  the  rising  sun,  tin!  patriot's  armed  hand 

Swept  the  clouds  of  wrong  before  it. 
Sound  aloud  the  joyous  word  from  crag  to  crag ! 
ri  mt  on  every  peak  our  starry  Hag! 
Loyal  to  the  tnul, 
Heady  to  defend, 
(;uard,  and,  as  a  shrine,  adore  it! 

The  President  next  called  upon  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey, 
who  responded  as  follows  :  — 

llEMARKS   OK    (iOVEUNOH    BEDLE. 

This  is  no  time,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  to  undertake 
to  make  a  speech.     On  receiving  the  invitation  to  be 


r 


BATTLE    or   BUXKEIl   HILL. 


135 


present  on  this  oe;-asion,  T  (letennincd,  if  it  were  possi- 
ble, as  an  huml)le  representative  of  tlie  State  of  Kew 
Jei-sey,  to  ei.nie  liei-e  and  join  in  tliis  eeleI)ration;  and  it 
is  a  happy  moment  for  me  to  be  here,  in  the  home  of 
the  Adamses  and  of  Hancock,  two  of  whom,  Saranel 
Adams  and  John  Hancock,  were  i-cbels,  in  the  estima- 
tion of  Great  IJi-itain,  of  tlie  deepest  dye,  and,  when 
others  were  to  be  pardoned,  tlieir  crimes  were  snch  as 
to  merit  only  condigii  pnnishment.  They  Averc  not 
rebels,  they  were  patriots;  they  were  freemen;  they 
were  raised  up  by  Pi-ovidence  to  assert  tlie  -reat 
principles  tliat  were  afterwards  fonght  for  at  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill  and  proclaimed  in  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

1  am  here  from  :N-ew  Jersey.  Xew  Jersey,  too,  has 
a  history.  I  am  here  not  to  praise  her.  She  has  her 
record.  She  has  her  Trenton,  her  Princeton,  and  her 
Monmouth,  and  in  due  time  those  events  will  be  cele- 
brated, and  then  we  expect  Massachusetts  will  be  there. 
^Ve  expect  to  be  at  that  gi-cat  centennial  of  July  4th, 
1870,  which  is  to  be  the  o-,.and  consunnnation  of  *all 
the  centennials;  and  when  you  go  across  the  territory 
of  Xew  Jersey  remember  that  the  winter  of  177G  was 
''the  time  that  tried  men's  souls"  there.  You  know 
how  our  gallant  American  army,  after  evacuating  Xcw 
lork,  i-etreated  across  the  State  of  Xew  Jersev;  how 
they  were  followed  l)y  the  British  army;  how  they 
were  re-formed,  and  how,  when  those  battles  of  Trenton 
and  Princeton  were  fought,  the  depressed  spirit  of  our 
foi-efathers  revived  and  the  tide  of  i-evolution  turned. 
:N^ow,  my  friends,  ]  have  nothing  more  to  say,  except 


11 


136  CENTENNIAL    ANNIVERSAllY    OF   THE 

to  thank  you  for  this  great  demonstration.     This  has 
been  a  mao-nifieent  i^a-eant.     Nothing  like  it,  as  Gen- 
oral    Sherman  said.     Jnst   tliink   of  it!      Boston   has 
emptied  herself,  the  country  has  emptied  herself,  so  to 
speak,  into  the  streets  through  which  we  have  passed 
to-day;  and  who  could  see  this  vast  multitude  without 
feeling' that  there  was  a  revival  of  the  good  old  spirit  of 
ancient    days?     When    these   centennials    were    first 
talked  of,  I  thought  very  little  of  them;    but  now  I 
confess  I  am  getting  very  much  in  the  idea.     I  believe 
they   will   do   more   than   anything   else   to    revive    a 
better  spirit.     Let  us  forget  the  rgcent  past;  let  us  go 
back  to  the  ancient  past,  if  I  may  use  that  expression, 
and  take  our  lessons  from  that.     Let  us  look  to  our  an- 
cestors, to  the  men  who  founded  our  institutions,  for  our 
examples.     In  that  way,  familiarizing  ourselves  with  the 
history  of  those  times,  may  we  become  better  men  and 
better  citizens,  ridding  ourselves  of  the  fraud  and  ex- 
travagance which  have  been  the  necessary  results  of  the 
war.  °AVe  want  honesty  of  purpose;  we  want  the  dis- 
position to  do,  in  our  own  times,  if  it  becomes  necessary, 
as  our  patriot  fathers  said  they  would  do,  eat  no  more 
lamb,  if  necessary,  in  order  to  have  more  wool  to  work 
up  into  homespun  cloth. 

I  again  thank  you,  and  now  extend  to  you  a  cordial 
invitadon  to  come  down  to  New  Jersey  when  the 
proper  time  arrives. 


aiic  President  then  called  for  the  Governors  of  Connecticut, 
New  Ilampshiro  and  Rhode  Island,  without  obtaining  any  re- 
sponse.    Finally,  he  called   for  the  Governor  of  Maine,  the 


BATTLE    OF   BUNKER   HILL. 


137 


roprosontative  of  ji  State  "which  ought  to  be  part  of  Massa- 
chusetts still,"  and  Governor  Dinglev  of  Maine  respoiuled. 

l{E:\rARKS   OF   GOVERNOR   DINGLEY. 

Mr.  President,  and  Fellotv- Citizens  of  the    United 
States:  — For  standing  on  ground  baptized  with  the 
blood  of  tlie  brave  men  who,  a  century  since,  stood  for 
liberty  and  nationality,  I  am  sui-e  that  we  may  all  take 
special  pride  in  the  fact  that  we  are  not  so  much  repre- 
sentatives of  individual  States  as  fellow-citizens  of  a 
common  country.     You  have  introduced  me,  Mr.  Presi- 
dent, as  the  representative  of  that  State  which  was  once 
a  part  of  Massachusetts,  and    which  (as   you  kindly 
observed)  ought  to  still   occupy  that  position.     I   ac- 
knowledge the  compliment  which  may  be  intended  in 
the  concession  that  Maine  is  worthy  of  being  included 
in  such  a  grand  Commonwealth  as  Massachusetts;  and 
yet  I  am  sure  that  after  a  hundred  and  thirty  years  of 
devoted  service  in  the  old  homestead,  the  daughter  had 
reached  her  majority,  and  was  entitled  to  set  up  house- 
keeping  for   herself     Assuredly,  sir,   you   can   testify 
that  she  was  a  devoted  daughter,  and  did  not  go  forth 
from  the  mother's  arms  until  she  saw  her  triumphant 
over  foes  abroad  and  at  home,  and  the  acknowledged 
leader  of  the  best  thought  and  most  beneficent  ideas  of 
tho  age.     I  assure  you,  sir,  that  Maine  is  proud  of  her 
IK  .tical   mother,    the    grand  old    Commonwealth,  and 
entertains  for  her  an  affection  which  time  cannot  dim. 
We  feel  that  the  gloi-ious  history  of  the  Old  Bay  State 
is  our  history;  that  her  Adams,  and  Hancock,  and  Pres- 

cott,  and  Wairen  belong  also  to  us;  and  that  her  battle- 
is 


ifs 

m 


138 


CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY  OF  THE 


m 


fields,  her  Concord,  and  Lexington,  and  Bunlcer  Hill 
are  ours.     And,  standing  to-day  on  the  spot  where  the 
martyrs  of  liberty  fell  a  hundred  years  ago  this  very 
afternoon,  I  pledge  to  you,  and  to  the  citizens  of  every 
other  State  of  our  common  country  here  assembled,  that 
the  men  of  Maine  will  be  ready  in  the  future,  is  they 
have  in  the  past,  to  stand  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  you 
in  defence  of  the  nation  which  was  then  made  possible. 
And  may  this  centennial  anniversary,  and  the  centen- 
nial  anniversaries   to   come,  recalling   as  they  do   the 
memories  of  common  sacrifices  and  common  victories, 
serve  to  soften  the  resentments,  and  strengthen  the  ties 
of  Xorth  and  South,  and  lead  the  citizens  of  every  sec- 
tion  of  the  republic   to    acknowledge   the  stars    and 
stripes  as  their  flag,  and  the  Union,  dedicated  to  free- 
dom and  equal  rights,  as  their  country  and  their  home. 

The  Chief  Marshal  called  for  "three  cheers  for  Gov.  Ding- 
ley,"  Avhich  were  given  with  great  heartiness. 

The  President  said  :  -  "  I  stated  to  the  audience  that  I  would 
call  upon  our  fellow-citizens  of  the  Unhed  States  in  the  order  of 
the  distance  from  which  they  came.  We  are  now  at  home 
again,  and  at  home  in  the  United  States  of  America,  and  I  now 
call  upon  Vice-President  Wilson." 

The  Vice-President  was  gi-eeted  with  three  hearty  cheers. 
He  spoke  as  follows  :  — 

REMARKS   OF    HON.   HENRY  WILSON. 

I  am  siu-e,  Mr.  President,  you  have  not  presented  me 
to  this  vast  assemblage  at  this  hour,  to  weary  the  ear 


■^ 


BATTLE   OF   BUXKEK   HILL.  139 

with  speech.  :N"or  have  you  called  me  up  to  be  looked 
at,  for  there  ai-e  I'ar  better-looking  gentlemen  around 
you;  besides,  it  is  quite  too  dark  to  get  a  good  sight  at 
any  one  of  us.  I  am  here,  too,  in  my  own  Middlesex. 
[A  voice,  "Suftblk  now."J  Charlestown  has  escaped 
from  us  into  Suffolk,  but  we  people  of  old  Middlesex 
will  hold  on  to  Concord,  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill 
forever  more. 

I  am  glad,  Mr.  President,  that  we  have  witnessed 
this  magnificent  spectacle.     General  Sherman  tells  us, 
strangers  tell  us,  we  know  it,  for  our  own  eyes  have 
seen  it,  that  this  is  the  grandest  demonstration  ever 
beheld  upon  the  :N"orth  American  continent.     I  hope, 
I   believe   too,   that   this   anniversary   celebration,  the 
memories  associated  with  this  day,  the  generous  spirit 
that  animates  all  bosoms,  Avill  largely  contribute  to  the 
cause  of  unity  and  liberty  in  the  century  upon  which  Ave 
have  entered.     These  celebrations  at  Concord,  Lexinf- 
ton  and  Bunker  Hill,  like  the  events  they  commemorate, 
tend  to  inspire  all  American  hearts  with  patriotism  and 
affectionate   regard   for   our  countrymen.     I   hail   this 
anniversary,  I  hail  the  anniversaries  upon  which  we  have 
entered,  as  grand  events,  calculated  to  reunite,  reinspire, 
and   reinvigorate   the   xVmerican   people,  and   bind   us 
together  with  hooks  of  steel.     The    Centennial   Cele- 
bration  of  the   anniversary  of  Independence  is  to  be 
in  Philadelphia  next  year.     I  hope  that  this  anniver- 
sary festival  will  tend  to  inspire  the  nation,  and'  that 
the  country  and  the  people  of  the  country  will  make 
that  the  grandest  occasion  ever  witnessed  by  mortal 
man.     Grand  as  were  the  words   of  Daniel  Webster 


!'•!. 


i 


1 


M 


Ml  1 


140 


CENTENNIAL    ANNIVEIJSARY   OF   THE 


when  the  foimdations  of  that  Momniient  wore  laid,  in 
the  presence  of  Lafayette  and  the  aged  heroes  of  the 
Kevohition;  grand  as  were  his  words  Avhen  that  Monn- 
ment  had  heen   completed,  no  words  nttered  by  him 
Avere  better  calculated  to  do  more  good,  in  all  this  broad 
land,  than  are  tl  e  words  nttered  here  to-day,  in  the 
present  condition  of  the  country.     Let  ns,  sir,  all  re- 
member that  union  now,  nationality  now,  development 
now,  are  all  in  harmony  with  the  great,  grand,  central 
idea  of  humanity,   the  liberties,   equal   and  impartial 
liberties,  of  all  the  children  of  men. 

The  President  remarked  :  —  "  AVo  have  received  two  de- 
spatches to-day,  one  from  San  Francisco  and  one  from  New 
Orleans.  I  will  ask  the  Marshal  to  read  them,  and  then  to 
read  a  short  ode  which  has  been  selected  from  very  many  con- 
tributions offered." 

The  Marshal  read  the  despatches  as  follows  :  — 

San  Fbancisco,  June  17,  1875. 
To  the  Hon.  Georgk  Washington  Waurkn,  Pre/iident  of  the  Bunlcer 
Hill  Monument  Association :  — 
San  Francisco,  —  from  the  froklon  gates  of  the  Pacific  to  the  Bunker 
Hill  Association:  The  citizens  of  our  Western  shore  send  their 
fraternal  greetings  to  our  brethren  of  the  Atlantic  coast  assemhlcd  on 
Bvniker  Hill  to  commemorate  the  centennial  of  the  great  battle  fought 
there.     We  have  our  mass  meeting  to^tiight. 

New  Orleans,  June  17,  187"). 
Governor  Gaston,  Boston :  — 

For  myself,  and  the  good  people  of  the  Crescent  City,  I  send  you 
greetings  from  Old  Chalmette  to  Bunker  Hill,  on  the  occasion  of  your 

Centennial  celebration. 

JOHN   G.   PARKER, 

Postmaster  of  New  Orleans. 


BATTLE    OF   BUNKER   HILL. 


141 


The  :\rnr.sliul  then  road  fho  following  odo,  written  by  Geokgk 
Sennott,  Esquire:  — 


ITeroos  of  (Jreok  Ronown  ! 
Yn,  wlio  with  floods  of  I'crsiiin  goro 
Purpled  Cycliroiii's  sounding  shorn  ! 
Strong  wicddors  of  thi;  Dorian  .spt-ar  — 
And  ye  —  dear  children  of  the  Dear  — 

The  Holy  Violet  {.'rown! 
Ye  live  to-day.     Distance  and  Time 
Vanish  lieforo  our  longing  eyes  — 
And  fresh  in  their  eternal  i)riine 

The  Demi-Gods  arise. 

11. 

Fierce  breed  of  iron  Rome  ! 
Ye  whose  relentless  (;agle's  wings 
O'ersliadowing  sul)iugated  Kings, 
With  Death  and  black  Destruction  fraught. 
To  cv'ry  hateful  Tyrant  brought 

His  own  curs'd  lesson  home  ! 
Smile  sternly  now  ;  a  free-born  race 
Here  draw  your  proudest  maxims  in, 
And  eagerly,  in  ampler  space. 

And  mightier  Rome  begin  ! 


in. 

Savage,  yet  dauntless  crew ! 
Who  broke  with  grim,  unflinching  zeal, 
The  mighty  Spaniard's  heart  of  steel, 
Wlien  ye,  with  patriotic  hands, 
Rursting  the  dykes  that  kept  your  lands. 

Let  Death  and  Freedom  through  ! 
Arise  in  glory !     Angry  iloods 
And  haughty  bigots  all  are  tame, 
But  ye,  like  liberating  gods. 

Have  everlasting  fame. 


■^T" 


I 


142 


CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY  OF  THE 


IV. 

Y(!  few  rock-nurturod  Moti, 
Siilioto  or  Swiss,  whoso  crags  dofiod 
niivfrundiiin  power  and  Turkish  prido  ! 
Wlioso  deeds,  so  dear  to  Freodmen  still, 
Make  every  Alp  a  holy  hill  — 

A  shrine  each  Sidioto  glen  ! 
Rejoice  to-day !     No  little  hands 
Front  here  th'  exulting  Tyrant's  horde ; 
But  FrcMHlom  sways  with  giant  hands 

Her  ocean-swooping  sword ! 

V. 

Chief's  of  our  own  blest  land, 
To  whom  th'  oppi'^^scd  of  all  mankind 
A  sacred  refuge  look  to  find ! 
Of  every  race  the  prido  and  hoast. 
From  wild  Atlantic's  stormy  coast 

To  far  Pacific's  strand  ! 
Millions  on  millions  here  maintain 
Your  generous  aims  with  steady  Avill, 
And  make  our  vast  imperial  roign 

The  world's  asylum  still ! 

The  concluding  hymn  was  then  sung  hy  the  Apollo  Club  ; 

HYIVIN. 

WOHDB  BY  G.  WASHINGTON  WAHHEN  -  MUSIC  BY  ABT. 

From  the  blood  that  stooped  this  ground. 
From  the  flames  wliich  swept  around. 
Comes  to  us  the  grateful  sound, 

PLACID  PEACE  WITH  LIBERTY. 


Not  as  now,  in  plenteous  days. 
Earned  our  sires  the  Patriot's  praise. 
But  by  hard  and  stormy  ways, 
Got  they  us  the  victory. 


BATTLE    OF   BUNKEK   HILL.  143 

Swoot  it  is  to  (lio  lor  thco, 
Ooimlry  liiir—  now  grandly  li-uo ; 
Though  to  fow  that  lot  may  bo, 
ALL  may  nobly  live  for  thoo. 

God  wlio  led'st  our  Fathers  forth, 
Oav'st  our  land  ]wr  second  birth, 
Bless  those  States  with  manly  worth, 
KcL'i)  them  close  in  liarniony. 

A  bcnodlctioii  was  pronounced  by  the  Rev.  PiiiLLirs  Buooks, 
and  iit  eight  o'clock  tlie  exercises  at  the  puviliou  were  brought 
to  a  close. 


The  following  letter  has  been  received  from  His  Excellency 
Governor  Inokksoll,  in  response  to  the  call  mad.  upon  him  :- 

STATE   OF  CONXKCTICUT. 

Executive  Department, 

New  Haven,  June  18th,  1875. 
Dear  Sir  :  - 1  very  much  regret  that,  under  the  erroneous  supposi- 
tion  that  the  exorcises  at  Bunker  IliU  yesterday  would,  by  reason  of 
the  lateness  of  the  hour,  close  with  the  oration  of  General  Devons  I 
loft  the  tent  at  that  time  to  fullil  another  engagement  and,  therefore 
was  not  present  to  acknowledge  the  honor  paid  to  my  State  by  your 
call  upon  me  among  the  other  guests  of  the  occasion. 

It  is  the  singular  fortune  of  Connecticut  that,  although  she  sent 
into  the  armies  of  the  Revol.ition  more  soldiers  than  any  other  colony 
save  one, -maintaining  in  actual  service,  al  one  time,  out  of  the 
State,  twenty-two  full  regiments,  when  her  popul.ation  but  little  ex- 
ceeded two  hundred  thousand  persons,  -  she  must,  nevertheless,  look 
beyond  her  borders  for  the  battle-fields  that  have  boon  made  historic 
by  the  valor  and  the  blood  of  hor  children.  Conspicuous  amon- 
them  all,  and  by  far  closer  than  any  by  its  associations  of  peculiar 
f     o,  ,8  that  field  upon  the  Charlestowu  heights,  where  New  England 


144 


CENTENNIAL    AXNIVKUSAUY    OF   TlIK 


for  the  llrst  ti,.u.  confront...!  Ol.l  Kn^^lnn-l  .n  nar.  It  was  tluMv  tin, 
our  vonn.  n.ilili.  .•.•.•.■iv..!  its  -baptisM.  of  dr..,"  and  our  pcacHul 
vin..s  w..n>  lirst  ..n...l:,/,..n...l  n,,on  a  lla^-  of  hattl." ;  an.l  it  is  thronj,'!. 
tho  sn...k..  an.l  .Ins.  ..f  .!..■  .■.n.lli.a  an.nn.l  nnni^.-r's  Hill  that  tluMv 
loon.s  n,.  -nost  distinc-tlv  t.,  ('..nnoclicnt  eyes  ..ne  hen.ie  lif,nnv  ot  the 
Kev..lnti..n,-the  n.an  -who  .laml  to  hvul  where  any  dare.l  to 
follow,"— Israel  I'ntnani. 

It  is  for  these  reas.,ns.  especially,  that  it  -uve  n.e  Rreat  pleasure  to 
vartieipate  in  the  sni.erh  .le.nonstration  in  B.»ston  yesterday,  an.l  that 
I  n.,w  re^M-et  the  circnn.slMnces  which  deprive.l  n>e  of  tho  pleasure  ol 
sharing  in  all  the  snhse.inent  ..xercis..s  in  Clnirlestown. 
1  am.  sir.  v.'ry  respectl'nlly  yours, 

CllAKLES  U.  INGEHSOLL. 

(i.  Washington  Wauukn.   Ksip, 

I'resident  Bunker  Mill  Association,  etc.,  etc., 
Charlestown,  Mass. 


The  following  letters  und  despatches  were  received  by  the 
Mayor :  — 

STATK   OK  LOUISIANA. 

IMayoualty  of  Nkw  Orlkans, 

Crrv  IIau.,  22d  day  of  May,  1875. 
Hon    Samukl  C.  Cobb,  Mayor  nf  Boston,  3/a.ss. ; — 

Di-AU  SiK.-Your  esteemed  lavor  of  the  17th  inst.,  inviting  me  to 
participate  in  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
B.attle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  tendering  me  the  hospitalities  of  your 
city,  has  just  been  received. 

Please  return  mv  sincere  thanks  to  the  gentlemen  of  your  City 
Council  for  their  very  kind  invitation,  and  say  to  then,  that  my 
ollicial  duties  preclude  the  possibility  of  n.y  accepting  the  same. 

Permit  me  to  assure  you,  sir,  that  it  is  with  great  regret  that  I  have 
to  deny  myself  the  pleas,!re  of  visiting  your  noble  city,  and  of  joining 
with  you  in  the  celebration  of  an  event  so  rei)lete  with  interest  to  all 


BATTLE   OK   UTJNin'llJ   HILL. 


U5 


"•'..•  lovorM  of  our  country.  AVitl,  „.y  Lost  uisl.o.  for  y,,,,,.  supcohk, 
;-"'  ""•  '01.C  that  yo„  will  havo  a  ^Morioun  cdcUatiuu,  1  l.avo  the 
Honor  to  Ijc,  Hir,  ulth  grciit  rc'spect, 

Your  oljcdiciit  Hcrvaiit, 

CIIAllLKS  .J.  LKKDS,  Mii;/>jr. 


CITY  OF  MICMI'JIKS. 
Mayou'.s  Oi  iki:, 

^I'^^'i'i'is,  Ti;nn.,  May29th,  l,S7r,. 
To  irrs  Honor  SAMcor.  C.  Co,.,.,  ^fayor  of  Boston,  Ma...  — 

I)--.A,t  Sm,-Yo„r  val.,0,1  favor  of  tl...  17, st.,  witi.  i,.vitatio,i, 

l.of..  the  co,n,n,t,....  appoin.o.l  by  tho  City  Council  of  I.os.on,  to  be 
P-vscnt  at  U.o  Cen.c,u,ial  Annivo,.sa,.y  of  the  IJattlc  of  Bunker  Hill, 
un,  tondonn.  the  hospitalities  of  th.  city  on  the  occasion,  can.c  duly 
to  hand,  for  which  please  accept  n,y  sincere  and  gn.teful  acknowled.:. 
">cnts.        postponcl  answering  until  now  with  the  hope  that  it  wouhl 
be  posMble  tor  ,ne  to  be  p.-sent  and  participate  in  one  of  the  grandest 
celeb,.at.ons  winch  has  ever  occur.vd  in  A,ne,.ica.     But  I  an,    sir   I 
regret  to  say,  co.npclled  by  a  p,-essurc  of  public  business  to  decline 
your  conhal  .nvitation  ,  this  I  reg...  the  ,..„,.,  as  the  occasion  would 
1-vc  a„o,-dcd  „,e  an  excellent,  and  ,nuch  desired,  opportunity  to  ex- 
press to  you   personally,  the  thanks  of  our  citizens  to  the  good  people 
of  Boston  lor  their  liberality  and  very  g.-eat  kindness  t^  us    ,,    he 
days  o(  allliotion  gone  by, 

A„,erican8  have,  in  every  section  of  this  vast  countrv,  scenes  to 
1>-  ."'o  and  events  to  speak  of  to  stin.ulate  national  pride ;  but  nothin. 
W.1  live  onger  ,n  history  than  the  recollection  of  the  vulor  and  darin^ 
of  the  M.nute  Men  at  Bunker  ilill ;  and  none  know  better  how  to 
koep  abveaspiritof  patriotis,n  and  celebndc  gn-at  events  than  the 
people  Oi  Massachusetts.  May  its  future  be  as  prosperous  as  its  past 
lias  been  glorious.  ^ 

With  assurances  of  respect, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

1„  Jt)ii^'<  LOAGUE,  Maijor. 


146 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVERSARY   OF   THE 


CITY   OF  OMAHA. 
To  Ills  IIoNou  Samikl  C.  Corns,  Ma;/or  of  Boston :  — 

Dkau  Sii!.  —  I  liavc  the  honor  to  iicknowlcdge  tlii'  receipt  of  yours 
of  the  17th  lilt.,  infoi'inniu'  me  tliat  the  eoniinittee  appointed  by  the 
City  Council  of  IJoston,  to  make  arran<>ements  for  the  celebration  of 
the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  on  the  17th 
of  .Tune,  187.").  cordially  invites  nie.  as  IVIayor  of  the  City  of  Uniaha, 
to  accept  the  hospitalities  of  your  city  on  that  occasion. 

Since  its  receipt  I  have  been  endeavoring  so  to  arrange  my  oflicial 
duties  and  professional  engagements  as  to  accept  your  most  courteous 
invitation.  I  lind  myself,  however,  at  this  late  day,  unable  so  to  do, 
and  am  therefore  most  reluctantly  .omjx'llcd  to  decline  it. 

The  thought  that  I  might  be  permitted  to  be  with  you  and  \vitn.es.s 
the  patriotic  pageant  of  that  — the  great  occasion  to  your  city  of  the 
present  century — has  afforded  me  as  nuich  pleasure  as  the  anticipa- 
tion of  being  at  riiiladelpliiu  on  the  Itli  of  ,luly,  187C. 

Having  been  raised  on  a  farm  in  the  Old  Granite  State,  one  hun- 
dred miles  from  Boston,  th.at  city,  was,  dui'ing  my  earl}'  boyhood, 
before  railroads,  forty  years  ago,  our  chief  market.  Tiionce,  each 
winter,  as  scjon  as  the  sleighing  permitted,  mj-  father — who,  allow  me 
to  mention  here,  was  born  in  the  same  town,  Cornish,  on  the  4th  of 
July,  177(5  —  took  his  produce  to  exchange  for  family  supplies. 

it  was  the  highest  ambition  of  flic  boys  of  my  time  to  visit  Boston, 
and  the  few  who  iiad  that  privilege  were  envied  by  all  the  others  in 
the  neighborhood,  it  is  now  tliirty  years  since  I  have  seen  your  city, 
but  my  early  attachment  to  it,  and  admiration  for  it,  have  never 
ceased.  Jt  is  indeed  a  solid  city,  and  worthy  of  the  good  name  it 
bears  for  intelligeuce  and  connnercial  greatness. 

In  behalf  of  our  young  city,  which  I  know  has  m.any  strong  friends 
in  Boston,  I  thank  you  and  the  City  Council  of  your  city  for  this 
courtesy  extended  to  Omaha,  and  assure  you  that  the  sons  of  New 
England,  of  whom  there  are  many  here,  will  take  a  deep  interest  in 
the  celebration  whii'ii  marks  the  one  huudredtli  anniversary  of  the 
Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  — a  battle  in  which  the  forefathers  of  some  of 
them  jtarticipated. 

Allow  me  in  closinu;  to  oHer  the  following  sentiment  :  — 


I 

1  ■■ 


liATTF.E    OF    BUNKER   IIILL. 


147 


Blinker  Hill  Moniiiiiout  and  the  CMty  of  Boston  :  the  one  perpetu- 
ates the  ptitriotisni  of  worthy  sires ;  the  other  illustrates  the  enter- 
prise of  dutiful  sons. 

I  am,  sir,  most  respectfull}'  3-ours, 

C.  J.  CHASE. 
Mayou's  Ofi'ick,  Omaha,  June  ,5th,  187'). 


Allen-town,  Pa..  June  17th,  187;'). 
To  the  Mayou  of  Boston  :  — 

AYc  are  celebrating  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  here,  to-daj,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Ladies'  Centennial  Association  of  this  city  and 
county.  Twenty  thousand  people  are  [)resent  on  tlie  fair  grounds 
participatiiig  in  the  celebration,  and  witnessing  the  reproduction  by 
our  military  of  the  liuMlllMg  scenes  of  that  memorable  event.  We 
congratulate  you  on  the  profession  at  Bunker  Hill ;  but  Pennsylvania 
claims  as  her  right  a  share  and  interest  in  the  great  issues  which  that 
struggle  helped  to  inaugurate. 

LADIES'  CENTENNIAL  COMMITTEE. 


I 


Pjhlauelpiiia,  June  17th,  1X75. 
To  Mis  Honor  the  Mayor  oe  Boston  :  — 

The  National  Board  of  Trade,  in  session  at  Philadelphia,  pauses, 
in  its  consideration  of  questions  relating  to  the  commercial  and  indus- 
trial interests  of  our  common  country,  and  begs  to  oiler  to  Boston,  to 
Massachusetts,  and  to  the  nation  at  large,  its  expression  of  patriotic 
fervor,  its  love  and  devotion  to  the  national  life,  and  its  earnest  hope 
th.at  those  liberties  whicii  the  blood  of  Bunker  Hill  helped  to  establish 
may  never  b(!  abridged. 

By  unanimous  vote  of  the  board. 

FREDERICK  FKALEY,  President. 
CHARLES  RANDOLPH,  Secretary. 


i 


Tl 


■^1 


APPE  ND  IX. 


THE  LITERATURE  OF  BUNKER  HILL, 

WITH  ITS  ANTECEDENTS  AND  RESULTS. 

[PhEPARED    BV    Jl'STIN    WiNaOR,    SUPEHINTENDENT    OF    THE    BOSTON    PUBLIC    LlimAUY.] 


[Note. —The  following  survey  of  the  literature  of  the 
history  of  IJoston  during  the  Eevolutionary  period,  beginning 
with  the  excitement  over  the  application  for  "  Writs  of  Assist- 
.luce"  in  17G1,  and  ending  with  the  transfer  of  the  scat  of 
actual  war,  upon  the  evacuation  of  Boston,  in  iMarch,  1776,  — 
has  been  prejjared  to  meet  the  renewed  interest  incident  to 
the  centennial  celebrations.  It  is  uot  intended  to  uiake  refer- 
ence to  all  works,  but  only  to  such  as  are  indicative  in  some 
respect.] 

WRITS  OF  ASSISTANCE,  1701. 
Shortly  after  the  close  of  the  French  war,  when  tlic  British  govern- 
iiK'iit  was  no  longer  dependent  on  the  friendly  assistance  of  tlie  col- 
onics, and  rcvonne  was  to  be  got  from  enforcing  the  acts  of  trade,  the 
ai)plicati()n  of  tlic  agents  of  goveriniient  for  "  Writs  of  Assistance" 
was  met  I).v  James  Otis  in  liis  pica  against  the  grant.  Tudor's  life  of 
Otis  makes  that  patriot  the  centre  of  interest  at  this  period,  and  tlie 
legal  aspects  of  the  case  can  be  studied  in  Horace  Gray's  Appendix 
to  the  Reports  of  cases  in  the  Superior  Court,  1761-1772,  by  Josiali 
Quincy.  The  third  volume  of  Hutchinson's  "History  of  jNIassaclm- 
sctts,"  17r)0-1774,  gives  the  governmental  view,  while  in  Minot's 
History,  1 748-1 7()0,  the  patriot  side  is  sustained,  and  this  view  is 
represented  in  the  lives  of  Josiali  Quincy,  John  Adams,  and  Samuel 
Adams.  In  its  broad  relations  as  indicating  the  temper  of  the  people 
it  is  discussed  liy  Bancroft  in  his  "  History  of  tlie  United  States;" 
by  Ilildreth  in  his  "  History  of  the  United  States  ;  "  by  Frotliingha'm 
in  his  "  Rise  of  the  Republic  ;  "  by  Barr; ,  in  his  "  IIis"tory  of  Massa- 
chusetts," etc. 


. 


152 


APPENDIX. 


STAMP   ACT,  1705. 
To  the  authoritios  iiiunod  in  the  procoiliiis  section  nuiy  be  udaeil, 
lor  loenl  colorii.-;-.  the  chapters  in  tiie  liistories  of  Boston  by  Drake, 
and  by  Snow.     See  also  elv.  1 1  of  Tndor's  Otis. 


J?:   ! 


ITdT-l"""). 
Tliis  period  and  its  patriotic  movements  are  made  the  special  theme 
uf  Frolhingliani's  -  Warren  and  his  Times  ;"  and  in  tlie  same  anthor's 
"  Kise  of  the  Eepnblic"  the  action  of  the  patriots  is  viewed  as  tendinu; 
to  form  tlie  national  spirit.     A  chai.ter  in  Tndor's  Otis  is  given  to 
characteriziim-  the  people  of  Boston  at  this  time ;  and  in  the  collec- 
tion of  contenn.orary  .locuments  called  Niles's  "  Principles  and  Acts 
of  the  Revolntion,"  the  si.irit  of  tiie  people  can  be  read  in  their  own 
words    and   writings.      In    Mercy  barren's    (she  was    a  sister    of 
James  Otis)   "History  of  tlie  American  Uevohition"   we  have  the 
characters  of  the  most  distinonislied  of  the  patriots  drawn  by  one  who 
knew  them  closely. 

The  inllnence  of  the  press  is  traced  in  the  third  era  of  Ilndson's 
"  History  of  American  Jonrnalism,"  and  the  aspects  can  be  stndicd  in 
the  tiles  of  the  live  newsi)apers  pnblished  in  Boston  at  this  time  :  — 

Fleet's  Evening  Post,  patronized  both  by  the  whigs  and  the  govern- 
ment. 

The   Boston   Newsletter,  the  only  i)aper  which   continned   to  be 

pnblished  dnring  the  siege. 

The  Massachusetts  Gazette,  the  chief  organ  <  ?  the  government. 

The  Boston  Gazette,  devoted  to  the  patriots. 

The  Massachusetts  Spy,  devoted  to  the  patriots. 

The  most  important  journal  out  of  Boston  was  the  Essex  Gazette. 

For  the  influence  of  the  clergy,  see  Thornton's  "  Pulpit  of  the 
Revolution,"  and  the  "  Patriot  Preachers  of  the  Revolution,"  LSIH). 

As  before,  the  lives  of  leading  patriots  nmst  be  consulted,  — AYells's 
"  Life  of  Samuel  Adams ; "  the  life  and  diaries  of  John  Adams ; 
Quincy's  "  Life  ofJosiahQuincy;"  Austin's  "Life  of  Elbridge  Gerry;" 

and  the  general  histories,  like  those  of  the  United  States  by  Bancroft 

and  Ilildreth  ;  and  those  of  Massachusetts  by  INIinot  and  Barry,  etc. 

The  third  volume  of  Hutchinson's    Massachusetts  still   gives  the 


BATTLE   OP  BUNKER   HILL. 


153 


torv  view,  an.l  the  later  British  estimate  of  the  period  is  found  in 
JMaiiou's  (Stanhope's)  "  History  of  England." 

For  tiie  local  associatio.is  of  the  Province  House,  Green  IJra-ron 
la^•ern,  etc.,  see  iShurtlefrs  -Description  of  Boston,"  and  Drake's 
"  Old  Landmarks  and  Historic  Personages  of  Boston." 


BOSTON  MASSACRK,    1770. 
Frothiugham,  in  his  articles  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly,  June   and 
August,  18G2,  an.l   November,   18G3,  on   the   "  Sam  Adams   Regi- 
ments," traces  carefully  the  progress  of  events  from  October,  1768 
which  culminated  in  the  massacre  in  March,  1770,  and  this  matter  is 
epitomized   in  ch.   G   of  his  "Life   of  Warren."     Bancroft    treats 
It  ui  all  Its  relations,  in  chapter  4;5  of  his  sixth  volume ;  and  it  is 
the  subject  of  special  treatment  by  Kidder  in  his  "  Boston  Massacre  " 
and   in   the   introduction   to   Loring'a  "  Hundred   Boston   Orators'" 
Capt.  Preston,  the  royal  officer  who  commanded  the  soldiers,  was 
defended  at  his  trial  by  John  Adams   and  Josiah  Quincy,  and  the 
lives  of  these  patriots  treat  of  their  defence.     The  accoimts  of  the 
trial,  and  the  collection  of  orations  delivered  on  succeeding  anniver- 
saries, are  necessary  to  a  full  understanding  of  the  event. 

See  also  Snow's  "History  of  Boston,"  the  lives  of  Otis,  Samuel 
Adams,  etc.,  and  the  general  hi  tories. 

Crispus  Attucks,  one  of  the  slain,  usually  called  a  mulatto,  is  held 
to  have  been  a  half-breed  Indian  in  the  American  Historical  Record 
Dec,  1872.  ' 

TIIE  TEA  PARTY,  DEC,  1773. 
Frothingha'm,  in  his  "Life  of  Warren,"  ch.  9,  has  given  the 
details,  and  in  his  "  Rise  of  the  Republic,"  ch.  8,  has  shown  its 
political  significance,  and  has  again  taken  a  general  survey  in  his 
Centennial  paper,  in  the  Proceedings  of  tlie  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  Dec,  1873.  See  also  the  collections  of  this  Society  4th 
series,  vol.  m.  I„  ch.  2  of  Reed's  "Life  of  Joseph  Reed,"  and  in 
Sparks's  "  Washington,"  the  relations  of  the  patriots  of  Boston  to  those 
of  the  other  colonies  at  this  time  can  be  studied.  Bancroft  gives  to 
it  ch.  50  of  his  sixth  volume ;  and  Barry,  ch.  15  of  his  second  vol- 


154 


ArPENDIX. 


r, 


„™e.  IIo.cs,  an  actor  in  the  scene,  has  gncn  an  account  n  h  « 
..Traits  of  the  Tea  Party."  There  are  iUustnvtne  clocunents  m 
Force's  •' An.rican  Archives,"  vol..;  in  Giles's  ^' Pru.cplcs  and 
Acts  of  the  llevoh.tio„  ; "  and  the  conten,porary  accounts  and  records 
have  been  reprinted  fron,  the  Boston  Gazette  ol  Dec.  0,  n.a.by 
Poole,  in  one  of  tlie  State  Registers.  u -Rn^ton  •  " 

See  further  Tudor's  '' Life  of  Otis,"  ch.  21  ;  bno.  s    'Boston, 
^MWs   Kcister,    18-27,  vol.  xxxu,.,  p.  To,  IVom   Flint's  Western 
mX  K-iewfor  July,  1827  ;  Lossing in  Harper's  Monthly,  vol.  .v. 

BOSTON  TOUT  BILL,  1774. 
General  Gage  arrived  in  Boston  in  May,  to  put  the  provisions  of 
Uu!  hi  in  fovce,  June  12.  Its  political  bearings  can  be  traced  m 
B  .croft  and  in  Frothingham's  Warren,  ch.  10,  and  n.  h.s  "  R.se  ot 
fhe  Cbic;"  and  the  military  sequel  in  Frothingh.n's  '  S.ege 
of  Boston."  Sec  also  Tndor's  Otis  ;  Wells's  Sann.cl  Adan.  ;  '^  L.fo 
of  John  Adams  ;  "  "  Life  of  Josiah  Qu.ncy." 

Illustrative  docun^ents  will  be  found  u.  Fo-e,  vo  In.  Se^^  the 
aiary  of  Thomas  Newell,  in  Boston,  Nov.,  1773,  to^^e-,  ^.-^  n 
plecdings  of  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  Feb.,  8..,  and  n 
tir  Collections,  4th  series,  vol.  .  The  Correspondence  o 
Boston  Donatio.  Committee,  relative  to  the  suppbes  sent  to  t le 
!mtrgoed  town  from  other  places,  is  given  in  the  Massachusetts 
mst Heal  Society's  Collections,  4th  series,  vol.  w.  For  co.espon- 
"nlf  the  Boston   patriots _ with   those  of  the  other  colomes,  see 

T?ppd's  "  Life  of  Joseph  Keed." 

The   Suffolk   Resolves,  passed  at  Milton,  Sept.  9,  1774,  can  be 
found  in  the  appendix  to  Frothingham's  Warren. 

1775,  JANUAKY  — MARCH. 
For  .he  interval  1«forc  the  aetu.l  hostilities  at  Co„eo,0  «ill  Mow 
Frothingham',  "Siege  of  Boston,"  eh.  2,  an.l  eonsnlt  o,  ,ih  ..>■ 
tive  doenments  Foree's  "  American  Archive.,"  vol.  ■.,  where  «,11  ho 
:  no  Zniere.  narrative  ot  his  e.„ora,io„s  -^^^^^'^^^ 
set  information  for  General  Gage.  For  parUcnlars  of  Leshe  s  e»,,c 
aln  .»  Salem,  in  March,  see  Endleotf,  article  in  the  Vroceed.ngs 


BATTLE   OF  BUNKER   HILL.  155 

of  tlio  Essex  Institute,  vol.  i.  ;  and  tlio  •'  Life  of  Timothy  Pickering," 
vol.  I.  Also,  (;,.or{r,>  15.  Lurinfi's,  and  other  addivssoH  at  the  Centen- 
nial Celebration,  187.1.  The  contemporary  evidence  relative  to  the 
expedition  to  ^[arshlield  can  be  found  in  Force's  "  American  Archives." 
E.  E.  Hale's  popular  smnmary,  "One  Hundred  Years  Ago," 
begins  witii  these  preliminaries  of  war. 

177,-.,   APRIL,    LKXrNGTON   AND   CONCORD. 
The  best  eclectic  account  is  that  in  Krothingham's  "  Siege  of  Bos- 
ton," and  in  his  appendix  will  be  found  a  chronological  list  of  the 
principal  authorities. 

Paul  Revere's  expedition  on  the  night  of  the  18th,  to  give  notice  of 
the  morrow's  march,  which  is  the  subject  of  Longfellow's  poem,  was 
narrated  by  himself,  and  appears  in  the  Collections  of  the  Massachu- 
setts  Ilistoricrl  Society,  first  series,  vol.  v.  See,  in  thi.  connection, 
on  the  escape  of  Hancock  and  Adams,  Loring's  "  Hundred  Boston 
Orators,"  and  General  Sumner  in  the  New  England  Historical  and 
Genealogical  Kegister,  viii.,  p.  188. 

The  narrative  and  depositions  ordered  by  the  Provincial  Congress 
were  printed  in  the  '•  .Tournal  of  the  Third  Provincial  Congress,  1775  ;" 
in  the  London  Chronicle,  and  in  various  Boston  newspapers,  and  the 
whole  reappeared  in  a  pamphlet,  issued  by  Isaiah  Thomas,  and  en- 
titled  "A  Narrative  of  the  Incursions  and  Ravages  of  the  Kin.r'g 
Troops  on  the  Nineteenth  of  April,"  and  is  given  in  Force's  "  American 
Archives."      This  matter  constituted  the  account  sent. by  the  Con- 
gress to  England,  with  the  Essex  Gazette,  which  was  the  chief  news- 
paper narrative,  and  which  reached  London  eleven  days  ahead  of 
General  Gage's  messenger,  and,  in  this  connection,  seethe  Proceedings 
of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  April,  1858.     Other  accounts 
and  depositions,  as  well  as  those  transmitted  to  the  Continental  Con- 
gress, can  also  be  found  in  Force's  "American  Archives;"  in  Froth- 
ingham's  "  Siege  of  Boston  ;  "  in  Shattuck's  "  History  of  Concord  ;  "  in 
Dawson's  "Battles  of  the  United  States  ;  "  in  Frank  Moore's  "  Diary 
of  the  Revolution,"  etc.     The  Rev.  Wm.  Gordon,  May  17,  1775, 
prepared  "An  Account  of  the  Commencement  of  Hostilities,"  which 
is    reprinted  in  Force,  and    this,  with  additions  and   abridgments, 
forms  part  of  his  "  History  of  the  Revolution." 


.'■I 


156 


APIMCNUIX. 


i 


The  Rov.  Joiins  Clnik  (lolivcrcMl  a  discourse  in  I-fxin^Moii  on  the 
first  armiversiiry  in  ITTC,  an.l  apiuMKUnl  tl)  it  a  narrative  of  ev.'nts 
whiciilias  been  reprinted  in  IH?.")  in  large  qnarto.  A  brief  aceoinit 
was  also  prepared  by  the  Kev.  Win.  Kn.erson,  of  Coneord,  a  witness 
of  the  events  at  Coneord,  and  this  was  i-rinted  in  1{.  W.  Emerson's 
centennial  diseonrsc  in  183"). 

Of  the  British  aeeonnta,  Col.  Smith's  report  will  be  found  in  the 
Appendix  to  Mahon's  (Stanhope's)   Kn-hind.     Varions  English  ae- 
counts  are  given  in  Foree,  and  in  "The  Detail  and  Conduet  of  the 
American  War."     (General  (Jage  sent  to  (iovernor  Trnn.bull  a  "  Cir- 
cumstantial Aecount,"  which  is  printed  in  the  Massachusetts  Histori- 
cal Society's  Collections,  sec'ond  series,  vol.  ii.,  while  in  vol.  iv.  will 
be  found  a  reprint  of  a  pamphlet  originally  printed  in  1779,  from  a 
manuscript  left  in  Boston  by  a  British  olllcer,  which  gives  Gage's  in- 
structions to  Brown  and  De  Berniere,  Feb.  -22,  1775,  with  an  account 
of  their  journey  to  Worcester  and  Concord,  and  a  narrati^•e  of  the 
"  Transactions"  on  the  19th  of  April.     Stedman's  "  History  of  the 
American  War,"  and  the  other  British  writers  claim  that  the  pro- 
vincials fired  first  at  Lexington  ;  and  Pitcairn's  side  of  the  story  is 
given  from  Stiles's  diary  in  Frothingham,  and  in  Irving's  "Wash- 
ington," etc. 

Late  in  the  day  General  Heath  exercised  a  general  command  over 
the  provincials,  mid  his  Memoirs  can  be  consulted.  Col.  Timothy 
Pickering's  Essex  Regiment  was  charged  with  dilatoriness  in  coming 
up,    and"  this   question   is   discussed   in   the    "Life   of  Pickering," 

ch.  5  of  vol.  I. 

The  semi-centennial  perioil  renewed  the  interest  in  the  matter,  and 
the  question,  whether  the  provincials  returned  the  fire  of  the  British 
troops  at  Lexington,  was  discussed  with  some  spirit.     This  having 
been  denied,  a  committee  of  the  town  of  Lexington  authorized  Klias 
Phinney  to  publish  an  account  of  "The  Battle   of  Lexington,"  to 
which  were  appended  depositions  (taken  in  1822)  of  survivors  to  es- 
tablish the  point.    This  led  the  Rev.  Ezra  Ripley  and  others,  of  Con- 
cord, in  1827,  to  publish  "  The  Fight  at  Concord,"  claiming  the  credit 
of  first  returning  the  fire  for  Concord,  and  this  was  reissued  in  1832. 
In  1835  the  story  was   again  told  in  the   interest  of  Concord,  in 


MATTf.K    OF    lUJNKKK    HILL.  157 

Lcin.u.l  Slmttii(.k'.s  "  History  (.fConconl,"  wliid.  was  reviewed  in  llie 
North  American  Heview,  v..l,  xr.ii.  In  tl.is  aeeonnt,  as  well  as  that 
by  Kiple.v  ami  others,  it  was  elainied  that  the  part  borne  i.y  Captain 
Diivis,  of  Aeton  was  not  fairly  represented,  and  .Fosiali  Adams, 
in  his  centennial  address  at  Aeton,  in  IK\;>,  and  a^rain  in  a  letter  to 
Shuttuck  in  IH.IO,  presented  the  merits  of  Davis,  and  -lave  deposi- 
tions of  survivors.  The  parts  home  I.y  other  towns  have  also  i.een 
com.nonioratcd,  for  Danvers,  hy  I).  I'.  Kin-,  in  mr> ;  for  Caml.ridge, 
by  Maeken/.ie,  in  1870  ;  and  also  see  S.  A.  Smith's  "  West  Cnmbridfjo 
on  the  ll»th  of  April,  177.')." 

At  Lexinfiton.  Kdward  Kverett  delivered  an  address  in  1h;}:,,  but 
sec  also  his  Mount  V.-rnun  Papers,  \o.  -17  ;  and  there  is  an  aeeonnt  of 
the  celebration  in  Niles's  llefrister,  vol.  xi.viii.,  an.l  a  plan  of  the  L.-x- 
ington  lichl  can  be  found  in  Josiah  Adams's  letter,  an.l  in  Moore's 
"Bnliad  History  of  the  lievoluthm,"  No.  1.  See  also  Hudson's 
"History  of  Lexington,"  ch.  0,  and  a  popular  narrative  in  Harper's 
Monthly,  vol.  xx.,  and  acc.mnts  in  assoeiati.m  with  landmarks  in  Los- 
sinf,''s  "  Field-book,"  and  in  Drake's  "  Historic  Fields  and  .Mansions  of 
Middlesex."  See  also  R.  II.  Dana's  address  in  I  .s7.-..  and  the  centennial 
"  Souvenir  of  177.1." 

At  Concord,  Kdward  Kverett  delivered  an  address  in  1«2.1,  and 
nnich  of  interest  in  connection  with  this  anniversary  was  printed  in 
the  newspapers  of  that  day,  and  Lossing  and  Draki-  should  also  be 
consulted  for  much  illustrative  of  the  events  of  177").  I'opular  narra- 
tives can  be  found  in  Frederic  Hudson's  illustrated  paper  in  Harper's 
Monthly,  May,  1«7.-),  and  in  the  article  by  <;.  Reynolds  in  the  Unitarian 
Review  for  April,  1875.  See  also  (Jeorjic  W.  Curtis's  oration  in 
1875,  and  James  R.  Lowell's  ode,  in  Atlantic  Monthly.  June,  1«75. 
Also  the  Rev.  Henry  AVestcott's  Centennial  Sermons,  1875. 

The  events  of  the  19th  of  April  also  form  important  chapters  in  Ban- 
croft's "  UnitedStates  ;  "  inKlliott's  "NewKnoland  ;  "  inBarry's  ":\Ias- 
sachusetts,"  and  in  other  general  works  on  the  revolutionary  period. 
Also  see  Dawson's  "  Battles  of  the  United  States  ;  "  K.  E.  Hale's  "  One 
Hundred  Years  Ago  ;"^ and  Totter's  American  Monthly,  April,  1875. 

Amos  Doolittle's  contemporary  engravings  of  the  events  are  rei)ro- 
duced  in    a  new  edition  of  Clark's  narrative.      See,  also,  Moore's 


158 


APPENDIX. 


"  IJalliid  History,"  piivt  1;  nnd  ToUit's  Anu-riciiii  Montlily,  April, 
1«7,").  'riuMv  is  11  view  of  C'oucoril  luivi'H  in  ITTC,  in  tlio  MiisHUclm- 
setts  Mujiaziiif,  .liil.v,  171)1. 

An  account  of  .loniitliaii  namn<,'ton,  tlio  last  survivor  of  tlic  llijlit, 
Ih  jiiveii  in  Pottor's  American  Montlily,  .Inly,  IH"."..  Sec  also  l.os- 
siiiff's  "  I-'icl(l-1)ooU  of  tlic  Ucvolutiim." 

Claims  Inive  liccn  raised  Ibr  other  places  na  hftvinj?  bccn.tlic  first 
to  shed  Idood  in  the  war,  for  which  sec  the  Historical  Mnjia/ine,  Jan., 
IKGU,  nnd  Potter's  American  Monthly,  April,  IH7.'>. 

The  events  of  the  interval  between  Concord  and  Bunker  Hill  can 
best  be  studied  in  Frothinfiham's  "  Siege  of  lioston."  Particularly 
on  the  alfair  at  Noddle's  Island,  May  27,  177;-),  see  Force's  "American 
Archives,"  llinnphrey's  "  Life  of  rntnam,"  and  ii  chapter  in  Dawson's 
"  Hiittlos  of  the  United  States." 


>  Ii 


1775,  JUNE  17,  BUNKER  IIIbL. 
Frothin.irham.  in  an  api)endix  to  his  '-Siege  of  Boston,"  enumerates 
in  chronological  order  the  chief  authoritative  statements  regarding 
the  battle.  Dawson  devoted  the  whole  of  the  Jine,  IHfiH,  double 
number  of  the  Historical  Magazine  to  a  collation  of  nearly  all  the 
printed  accounts,  authoritative  and  compiled,  and  from  his  ibot-notes 
can  be  gleaned  a  full  list  of  articles  and  books  which  at  that  time  had 

been  published. 

The  atfairs  of  the  lOth  of  April  had  among  other  results  precipitated 
the  removal  of  the  newspapers  published  in  Boston  to  other  places, 
and  the  number  for  April  24  was  the  last  of  the  Evening  Post  pub- 
lished in  Boston.  Edes's  Boston  Gazette,  which  was  thus  removed 
to  Watertown,  the  neat  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  gave,  in  its  issue 
for  June  19,  the  earliost  account  of  the  battle  which  appeared  in  print. 
The  Massaclnisetts  Spy,  which  had  been  removed  to  Worcester  in 
May,  had  its  first  account  in  its  number  for  June  21.  That  same  day 
the  Connecticut  Journal  had  its  lirst  intelligence,  and  though  it  was 
several  days  later  before  the  New  York  papers  published  accounts,  on 
this  same  21st  a  handbill  with  the  news  was  circulated  in  New  York. 
In  F.  Moore's  "Diary  of  the  American  Kevolution,"  there  will  be 
found  a  list  of  the  contemporary  newspapers  publishing  these  accounts, 


BATTLE    OF   BUNKER    HILL.  159 

nn.l  from  wl.id,  1.0  .l.-rivvs  in  part  tlu<  inalt.T  „fhis  hook,  whi,.|,  hoRins 
.Ian.  I,  177.^  Many  of  tlu.so  a.ro.int.H  will  l.o  rou.i.l  iv,.,int..d  in 
DawHon's  UMork'ul  Magnzino  lutido ;  and  Homo  of  thrni  inivo  Lm. 
'•'■|>'<..iu,H.,l  in  Jhcsmilr  in  the  centennial  memorials  of  the  present 
year.  Frotl.inj-i.am  reprints  that  of  the  Massaehnsetts  Spy  in  his 
reeent  eondens,.,!  narrative  of  th,.  battle,  an.I  it  is  in  lU,:,i,nil.  in  the 
-  Centennial  (iraphic."  Ahnon's  R..na.ml.ran,.er,  Lon.lon.  >vas  l.e^nn 
Juno  1;.,  177;^  for  {rathorhiK  IVom  Kn-lish  and  American  sources  the 
liiffitive  and  contemporary  accounts. 

The    Uev.  Mv.  Thacher  was  a  spectator  of  the  action,  from  the 
north  s.de  of  the  Mystic  river,  and  within  a  fortnight  aflerwanls,  an.I 
di-pon.l.uK  i»  some  measure  upon  I'rescotfs  assistance,  pn.pan.d  an 
account,  the  manuscript  of  whicli  is  now  preserved  in  tlu-  Ana-riean 
Antujuarian  Society's  collection  at  Worcester.     This  ha.l  been  used 
hy  Frothingham  and  others,  hut  was  nev.-r  printcl  in  full  with  all  its 
corrections  indicated,  fill  Dawson  indu.le.l  it  in  his  appendix  in  1808. 
Th.s  narrative  of  Thacher's  was  n.ade  the   hasis  of  that  which   the 
Committee  of  Safety  prepared  for  trans„,ission  to  England,  an.I  this 
latter  murative  is  given  with  much  other  matter  in  "  The  Journal  of 
U.e   Thir.1  Provincial  Congress,  177.^"  and  has   been   .eprinted  by 
Elhs  (in  18.1;3),  Frothingham,  Swett,  Dawson,  etc.     Force's  -  An.eri- 
cau  Archives,"  vol.  iv.,  is    another    reposit.,ry  of  these  an.l  various 
other  contemporary  accounts,  several  of  which  are  copied  by  Dawson 
mhis   "Battles  of  the  United  States,"  as  w.dl  as  in  his  Historical 
Magazine  article;  and  by  F.  JHoore  in  his   "Ballad  History  of  the 
American   Revolution,"  part  2.      Colonel  Prescott's  own  ac^om.t  is 
contained  in  a  letter  dated  August  25,  1775,  and  addressed  to  John 
Adams,  and  this  can  be  seen  in  Frothingham,  where  it  was  first  pub- 
lished, and  in  Dawson.     What  is  called  the  »  Prescott  ms.,"  which  is 
said  to  have  been  prepared  in  the  family  of  the  colonel,  an.I  in  part 
with  his  ap-roval,was  tirst  printed  in  full  in  Butler's  "  History  of 
Groton,"  p.  ^S7,  etc.,  and  it  has  been  reprint..d  by  Dawson,  p   437 
Frothingham  and  Sparks  ha.l  the  use  of  the  manuscript  known  as 
Juilge  Prescott's  (son  of  the  colonel)  memoir  of  the  battle  ;  but  it  has 
never   been    printed  in  fulh      Contemporary  feelings  will   be  found 
expressed  in  Mrs.  Adams's  letters. 


i 


I 


' 


160 


APPEXDIX. 


rrosidont  Stiles,  then  of  NtMvi...rt,  kept  a  diary  of  events  at  this 
time,  wliicli  is  preserved  at  Yale  ColU'-e.     He  lirst  heard  (he  news 
on  the  l.sth,  and  bejitin  his  aee.nint  on  tluil  day,  to  whieh  he  added 
Ironi  day  to  day,  as  further  corrected  tidings  reached  him.     This  was 
printed  at  leno-th  for  the  lirst  time  in  Dawson,  but  has  been  used  by 
Sparks,   Frothinoliam,    Bancroft,    etc.      Tliis   diary   also   copies   the 
letter  of  Peter  Brown,  dat-d  June  2'>,  to  his  mother,  which  is  con- 
sidered l)y  Frothingham,  who  --ves  it,  as  the  most  noteworthy  de- 
scription Avritten  by  a  i)*-ivate  soldier  engaged  in  the  battle,  and^is 
printed  from  the  original  in  Potter's  American  ^Monthly,  July,  1875. 
Col.  Scanunons's  account  of  his  court  martial  is  given  in  the  New 
England  Chronicle,  Fel>.  'ilt,  1770,  and    is   reprinted  in   Dawson,  p. 
400.     Governor  Trumbull,  in  a  letter,  August  :?1 ,  1 7711,  gave  a  sketch 
of  the    action,   and    it    is    printe.l    in    the    ^Massachusetts   Historical 
Societv's  Collections,  vol.  vi.     Col.  John  Trumbull,  who  afterwards 
painted  the  well-known  picture  of  the  battle,  was  not  in  it,  but  saw 
the  smoke  of  it  iVom  the  Roxbury  lines,  and  in  his  autobiography, 
published    in     isll,  has    an    outline    narrative.     General    Heath's 
memoirs,  published  in  171)8,  have  a  brief  account.     The  narrative  in 
Thacher's  military  journal  is  entered  as  having  been  written  in  July, 
177.-i.     The  memoirs  of  General  James  Wilkinson,  printed   in  181C 
give,  in  ch.  ID,  a  "  rapid   sketch,"  end)odying    his  own   knowledge 
and  other  evidence  which  had  reached  him  at  first  hand,  as  he  went 
over  the  field  in  I^Iarch,  1770,  with  Stark  and  Keed,  and  conferred 
with  Major  Caleb  Star^-. 

Other  testimony  of  .  witnesr^os  was  gathered  too  long  after  the 
battle  to  be  wholly  trustworthy,  in  1818,  at  the  time  of  the  Dearborn 
controversy,  later  to  be  mentioned,  and  numerous  depositions  were 
token  from  survivors  attending  the  semi-centennial  celebration,  which 
are  preserved  in  three  large  volumes,  but  are  considered  by  those  who 
have  examined  them  as  of  little  or  no  value.  There  is  a  long  account 
in  the  Columbian  Centinel  of  December,  1821,  and  January,  18-'.5. 
An  account  by  Oliver  Morsman,  "  a  revolutionary  soldier,'  was  pub- 
lished at  Sacket's  Harbor,  in  1830.  Mr.  Ncedham  Miiynard  contrib- 
uted the  recollections  of  a  survivor,  which  were  printed  in  a  Boston 
newspaper  !\s  late  as  1813. 


I 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKER     IILL. 


161 


Of  the  British   iiwomits,  the  oiitrios   in  Howe's  ortlerly  book  arc 
'Xisen  i,i  Ellis's  skotd.,  l«l;i  odition.     The  (ie.itlemu.i's  Mao-azino  of 
the  same  year  (Loii.l,,,,)  uave  an  aeeo.nit,  with  a  somewhat  erroneous 
plan  of  the   redouht,  wliieh    has    l.een  repnxhieed  in   Frothinolumi's 
•"onooraphs.     (Jeneral  (ia.ire's  ollieial   repor':  was  printe.l   in  Almon's 
"  Rememhraneer,"  aeeompanied  with  strictures  ui.on  it.  and  it  has  been 
^•'""•inted  by  KUis  (184;!  od.  with  the  strielures),  Force,  Swett,  Froth- 
in<(hain  ;  by  l^awson,  in  his  Historical  Magazine  and  in  his  '•  Battles  •  " 
in  Frank  Moore's  '-Ballad  History,"  etc.     ]5uroovno  saw  the  action 
Irom  Co,,p'8  Hill,  and  his  letter  to  Lonl  Stanley,  dated  June  2.5,  1775, 
lias  also  been  oiven  in  Dawson  ;  in  Ellis's  cd.  of  1843  ;  in  the  New 
Knjiland   Historical  and  Genealogical   Re-ister,  April,   1857;  in  an 
appendix  in  Pulsifer's  sketch  of  the  battl..,  issued  two  or  three  vears 
since,  and  is  also  given  in   S.  A.  Drake's  -  Bunker  Hill ;  the  story 
told   in  Letters  from  ".e  Battlefield;"  in  which  also  will   be  found, 
together  with  various  other  minor  British  accounts,  the  "  Impartial 
and  Authentic  Narration,"  or.g.nally  published  at  London,  1775,  by 
John  Clarke,  -  a  first  lieutenant  of  marines,"  who  gives  what  purports 
to  be  a  si)eceh  of  Howe  to  his  trooi.s  previous  to  the  advance,  which, 
with  nnieh  else   in  this  somewiiat  oxt(>nded  narrative,  is  considered 
rather  apocryphal.     The  compile.l  account  in  the  Annual  Rc-ister  has 
been  thought  to  have  been  written  by  Burke.     Force,  Ellis's  ci.  of 
1843,    and    Dawson,    gather   various  of   the   c.ntemponuy   rovalist 
accounts,    and    some    particulars   can    be   found    in    the    separate 
historic  records  detailing  the  careers  of  some  of  the  rovalre.riments  in 
the  action,  like  the  Fourth,  Fifth,  Tenth  Foot,  etc.     Moorso'ni's  Fifty- 
second  regiment  gives  a  l.rief  account  of  its  share  in  the  battle,  with 
plates  of  their   uniform    at    the  time.      Sec  also   Sergeant    Lamb's 
(Welsh  Fusileers)  -Journal  of  Occurrences  during  the  late  American 
War ;  "  an.lthe  -  Detail  and  Conduct  of  the  American  War,"  fora  letter 
from  Bost.m,  July  5,  1775,  and  other  British  accounts.     The  Britisii 
accounts  lirst  t.,ok  regularshape  in  Stedman's  -  History  of  the  American 
AVar,",,ublishedin  1704.     Howe's  conduct  of  the  battle  is  c-.-ticised  in 
Lee's  -  Memoirs  of  the  War  in  the  Southern  Department."     Mahon's 
(Stanhope)  '•  History  of  England  "  represents  in  his  account,  oth'^rwise 
fair,  that  the  Americans  th.'..,  and  since,  have  considered  the  battle  a 


Mi: 

!    ■ 


i 


I 


1G2 


AITENDIX. 


Hi 


I! 


victory  ;    but  Avl.on    c.illod  upon  to  sul.stai.tiuto    such    nn    assertion 
relied  chielly  (see  his  appendix)  on  the  reports  of  I'.rilish  tourists  ol 

a  snlise(|nent  day. 

In  1858,  IMr.  Henry  1'..  Dawson  puMislied  a  popular  aeeount  of  the 
''  Battles  of  the  luite.l  States,"    -iviu.u-  a  ehapter.  based  on  the  ordi- 
narv  authorities,  to  Bunker  Hill.     In  18C.S,  in  the  Historical  Maga- 
zine, an  American  periodical,  tiicn  edited  by  hin).  he  -ave  a  specud 
study  of  the  battle,    in  which  the   -  c(.U.nists  "   uf  the   earlier   work 
became  -  insurgents."  an.l  the  royal  troops  were  represented  as  fight- 
in<'  "  in  support  of  the  constitution,  tlie  laws,  the  king  and   the  gov- 
ernment, and  in  defence  of  the  life  of  the  nation."     DitVering  from 
other  authorities,  he  represents  that  the  attack  along  the  beach  of  the 
Mystic  was  a  prelim, nary  attack.     He  has  elaborately  collated   the 
various  contemporary  and  later  compiled  accounts,  and  has  appended 
numeroi.     illustrative  documents   by  English  and  American  writers, 
derived  from  Almon,  Force,  KUis     'rothingham,  an.l  ..thers,  to  which 
he  adds  several  printed  f.n'  the  lirst  time.     The  fac-siniiles  of  Page's, 
Dc  Berniere's  and  Dearborn's  maps,  which  are  mentioned  in  his  text 
us  given  with  his  account,  were  nevCr  appended  to  it. 

Of  the  more  extended  deserii)tions.  that  in  Frothingham's   "Siege 
of  Boston  "  is   distinctively  marked  for  its  dependence  chielly  upon 
contemi.orary  accounts,  and  its  avoidance  of  the  nungled  recollections 
and  self-deceptions  of  the  surviv.n's  of  all  grades,  who,  in  I  SI  8.  fur- 
nished so  many  depositions,  over  forty  years  after  the  conlliet,  to 
perplex  the   truth-lover.     These  confuse.l   recollections,  added  to  the 
local  jealousies  of  the  partisans  of  the  troops  of  Massachusetts,  New 
Hampshire  and  Connecticut,  and  to  the   facts  narrated  by  ditlerent 
persons  a»  having  taken  place   in  positions  so  disconnected  as  the 
redoubt  and  the  rail-fence,  have  done  nn.ch  to  render  the  sifting  of 
evidence  very  necessary  ;  and  it  all  gave  some  ground  for  Charles 
Hudson,  in  'l8.-)7,  in  his  -  Doubts  concerning  the  Battle  of  Bunker 
Hill"   [see  also  Christian  Fxaminer,  vol.  xi..],  to  attempt  a  logical 
venture  somewhat  after  the  fashi..n  <.f  Whab'tey's  famous  argument  on 
the  non-existence  of  Nap''l^'<">-     ^Vhen,  later.  Frothingham  wrote  tlie 
"Life  of  Joseph  Warren."  he  took  occasion  to  sunnnarize  his  h.nger 
narrative  in  a  chapter  of  that  book,  and  his  whole  description  has  again 


t®ii 


' 


BATTLE   OF   BUNKER   HILL.  1G3 

boon  rc'Oiisf  in  a  popniiir  form  in  liis  rocont  contonnial  "Bunker  Hill," 
wlioro  ho  has  ikM.mI  nuicli  now  niattor,  in  loltors,  inci.U'uts,  etc. 

AnnivorsaiT  addn's.s.'s  have  ofton  ivliear.scd  fho  story,  occasionally 
iuMinjr  a  Cow  details  to  onr  stock  of  inlbrniation,  and  the  most  sicn.ili- 
oant  among  them  have  been  Webster's,  in   182.1  [see  also  Analectic 
Magazine,  vol.  xi.],  at  the  laying  of  t!ic  corner-stone  of  the  Monn- 
inont;  Alexander  II.   Kvoretfs,  in   18;](;,  which  snbse.iMontlv  was  in- 
woven in  his  life  of  Warren,  in  Sparks's  series  ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  V,co.  K. 
Ellis's,  in  1.S41.  whi.^h  was  subsequently  issued  in  LSI;?,  anonymously, 
as  a  sketch  of  the  battle,  with  an  api.endix  of  illustrative  documents, 
some  of  whicii  wore  printed  for  the  lirst  time,  and  has  again,  in  1875, 
been  recast  in  a  centennial  history  without  the  illustrative  documents  ; 
but  see  also  his  account  in  the  New  York  Jlerald,  Jtnie  8,  1875  ;   that 
by  Kdward  Everett,  and  that  by  .ludge  Devons  in  1875.     A  succinct 
narratixe  of  the  battle  was  also  once  or  twice  printed  by  Alden  Brad- 
ford, in  connection  witli  his  studios  in  the  history  of  Massachusetts. 
A  recent  "New  History  of  the  Battle,"  by  W^  W.  Whoildon,  traces 
two  separate  engagements  constituting  the  Ijuttle.     The  last  two  or 
three  years  have  i)roduced  condensed  sununaries,  like  that  of  Pulsifer, 
and  S.  A.  Drake's  ;  that  by  .Tamos  M.  Bngbee,  in  Osgood's  Centennial 
IVremorial;  an  article  by  II.  E.   Scudder,  in  the  Atlantic  JFonthly, 
July,  1875;  one  by  Launce  Poyntz,  in  the  Galaxy,  .July,  1875.    It  also 
makes  ch.   -t  of  E.  E.  Hale's  "One  Hundred  Years' Ago,"  and  the 
story  Is  retold  in  the  Centennial  numbers  of  Frank  Leslie's  Pictorial, 
in  the  ••  Centennial  (Jrarhic,"  and  in  various  other  popular  memorials 
of  1875.     The  story  is  also  told  discursively  in  the  illustrated  paper, 
by  liev.  Dr.  Sanmel  Osgood,  in  the  July  (1875)  number  of  Harper's 
Monthly;  and  willi  particular  rofererence  to  landnnirks,  in  Losslng's 
"  Field-book  of  the  Revolution,"  vol.  i.,  which  account  also  appealed 
in  the  Hrst  volume  of  Harper's  Monthly;  in  S.  A.  Drake's  "Historic 
Fields  and  .Mansions  of  Miihllesex."    Finch,  in  an  article  in  Silliman's 
Journal,    18->2,  gave  an  account  of  the  traces  then  existing  of  the 
works  of  tlu>  British  and  Americans  in  the  siege  of  Boston,  and  this 
has  boon  reprinted  by  Frothingham. 

The  battle  has  necessarily  given  a  subject  to  chai)ters  in  the  gen- 
eral histories  of  the  war  and  of  the  Slate.     The  earliest  American 


'! 


iiif, 


f^l 


164 


AITEXDIX. 


:!:;! 


•fr 


ll 


historian  of  tl.o  warwas  Ciov.lon  [sec  Lorint;  on  Cordon's  History 
in  Historical  I^Ia-nx.ino,  Fohruary  an.l  Marclu  ISC--'],  and  1k>  followed 
closoly  tlio  ac'conut  of  the-  Coniniittcc  of  Safety,    l^amsay's  '•  American 
Revolution"  was  published   in  178',);    Mrs.  Me.cy  Warren's,    later: 
Hnbley's,  in  180.').    Bancroft  gives  to  it  the  a8th  chai)ter  of  his  s.-venth 
volume     It  is  described  in  cli.  20  of  the  second  volume  of  Elliott's 
"New  En.uland,"  and  in  the  third  volume  of  Barry's   "  IMassachu- 
sctts."     The  bioji-raphers  of  Washinjjton,  like  :Marshall  and  lrvin<r, 
needed  to  describe  it  as  leading  to  the  consolidation  of  the  army  of 
winch  he  took  connnand  on  the  3d  of  July  next  following.     Tliere  is 
a  brief  account  in  Tndor's   -  Life  of  Otis."     Tiio  memoirs  of  lleatli 
have  already  been  mentioned,  and  tlie  lives  of  other  observers  and 
participants  will  <iive  occasional  minor  details. 

For  the  part  borne  by  Neir  Hampshire  twojys,  see  the  memoirs  of 

Stark,  and  Edward  Everett's  "  Life  of  Stark."     Stark's  report  to  the 

New  Hampshire  congress  is  in  theNewHamp-liire  Historical  Society's 

Collections,  vol.  ii.  ;  in  Ellis's  ed.  of  IBlll,  etc.    The  ad.^ltant-tveneral 

of  New  Hampshire,  in  his  report  for  18GG,  second  volume,  rehearses 

the  military  history  of  tiiat  State,  and  gives  some  details  regarding 

the  troops  of  that  province  which  were  engaged.     The  manuscripts  in 

the  adjutant-general's  oflice  (New  Hampshire),  containing  the  rosters 

of  Stark's  anil  Reed's  regiments,  have  never  been  printed  in  full.     C. 

C.  Coflin.  in  a  letter  in  the  Boston  Globe,  June  23,  187.-),  epitomizes 

the  service  of  New  Hampshire  troops  in  the  battle ;  and  details  will 

be  found  in  the  Kew  Hampshire  Provincial  Tapers,  vol.  vn. ;  in  the 

histories  of  the  towns  of  Hollis.  whence  came  Capt.  Dow's  company 

of  rrescott's  regiment ;  of  Manchester,  by  Potter,  whence  came  Capt. 

John  Moore's  company  of  Stark's  regiment ;  and  of  New  Ipswich. 

Sec  also  the  New  England  Historical  and  fienealogieal  Register,  vol. 

XXVII.,  p.  377,  etc. 

The  question  of  the  highest  command  in  the  battle  has  given  rise  to 
much  controversy.  In  many  of  the  unauthoritative  contemporary 
accounts,  particularly  in  the  British  ones.  AVarren  is  represented  as 
the  commander.  Putnam  is  known  to  have  been  the  adviser  of  the 
expedition  in  the  Council  of  War,  and  in  the  less  authoritative 
accounts  of  the  time  is  represented,  as  also  in  engravings,  as  tlie 


BATTLE    OF    BUNKER    HILL. 


165 


rosponsil.l,.  .li.votor.  Conlon.  i,,  Ms  ],i.story  in  1788,  was  the 
onrliost,  in  imnl.  to  u-jvc  tlic  conniiiind  to  Tivsc.tt,  fol],nvin<r  i],o 
(•(.n.Miittiv  oC  SiWcty's  iwvmwi.  TI.e  onrlicst  printed  diivct  mention 
of  Pntnam  i.s  conunniidcr  is  in  !i  n..tc  to  ti.c  sc>nnon  i)ivMciipd  i.t  his 
fin.oral  by  IJev.  Josiah  Whifnoy,  in  I  7!)0.  whcv  he  look  exception  to 
rinn.phrey's  statement  in  his  '■  J.iCe  of  rntnani."  I  Isn.  published  wiiile 
Piitnaniwiis  still  livin<r,  in  wliieh  no  mention  is  made  of  T'ntnam 
having  commanded.  Eliot,  in  his  -  IJiouiaphical  Dietionary,"  in  1809, 
represents  Preseott  as  eommandin<.-  in  tlie  redonl.t.  and  Stark  at  tiic 
rail-fence.  The  earliest  relh-ction  npon  the  conduct  of  I'Mtnam  in  tiie 
action  api^eared  in  fieneral  AVilkinson's  memoirs,  which  were  pnh- 
h-shed  in  ink;,  and  were  reviewed  in  the  Xortli  American,  October, 
]«17.  'I'he  Analecli(.  :\Iaoa/ine  for  February  and  IMarch,  1818.  had 
articles  on  tlie  battle,  followin-  chiefly  tlie  accounts  of  Thaclier  and 
Gordon,  but  with  some  important  dilfereuces.  and  <.ivin<r  documents 
in  the  latter  number. 

General  Henry  Dearborn,  who  was  a  captain  in  Stark's  regiment  at 
the  rail-fence,  opened  a  controversy,  not  3  et  ended,  and  whidi  at  that 
time  soon  got  to  have  a  j.olitical  bearing,  when  he  printed  his 
eonnnnnica;:  ,,  in  the  Portfolio  for  March,  ]81,s.  iu  whicli  lie  aimed 
to  show  that  d.n-irg  the  battle  Putnam  remained  inactive  at  the  rear, 
nnd  this  paper  has  siur-e  be-  reprinted  separately  ;  and  twice  in  the 
Historical  M.agazinc,  August.  18G4,  and  June,  l.sr.8,  p.  402. 
Colonel  Daniel  Putnam,  the  son  of  the  general,  replied  to  Dearborn 
in  the  May  number  of  the  Portfoli<.,  and  appended  numerous  deposi- 
tions, ail  of  which  have  been  reprinted  in  Dawson,  p.  407. 

This  reply  of  Daniel  Putnam  led  (Jeneial  Dearborn  to  vindicate  his 
former  statement  by  the  publication  in  the  P.oston  Patriot  of  J.me 
1;!,  1S18.  of  various  depositions  and  conlinnations  of  otiier  partici- 
pants, all  of  which  may  also  be  found  in  Dawson,  p.  414.  At  this' 
time,  Daniel  Webster,  in  the  North  American  Review,  July,  LSIS, 
vindicated  the  character  of  Putnam,  but,  examining  the  evidence 
judicially,  came  to  the  conclusion  that  Preseott  connnande^d  the 
fatigue  party  duiing  the  night,  and  on  the  subsequent  dav  exercised  a 
general  conunand  ov.-r  the  field  so  far  as  he  eoul.l,  and  should  be 
considered  the  commanding  officer,  and  as  acting  under  the  orders  of 


P 


ii! 


IGG 


APPENDIX'. 


General  AViinl,  at  Canibridge.  only,  and  to  whom  lie  made  report  oi' 
the  action  after  it  was  over.  See  also  the  Proceedinu's  of  the  Massa- 
C'hnsetts  Ilisto'-ea!  Societv  for.lune,  {HM. 

Judge    .lohn    I  owell    next    reviewed    Dearlioni's    defence    of    Ins 
attack  on  Putnam  in  tlie  Colnniliian  Centinel  for  July  1  and  1."),  1818, 
and  stren<2;Uiene<l  iiis  points  with  couuter-ili>positions  of  actors  in  the 
strufiolc,  all  of  which  is  ajiain   .uiven   in  Dawson,  p.    l".':!.     Colonel 
Swett  now  entered  into  the  controversy  in  an  "  Historical  and  Topo- 
graphical Sketch  of  r.unker  Hill  Battle,"  whicli,  in  October.  1818,  was 
appended  to  an  edition  of  Humphrey's  "  J.ife  of  rutnam,"  and  this 
sketcli  was  subsccineutly  published  separately  and  with  enlargements, 
derived  in  part  from  conversations  witli  the  survivors  who  attended 
the  semi-eeuteuuial  Jubilee  of  18-2.'t.  and  tliis  appeared  in   ISiC),  and 
auain  in  18-27  ;  but  see  Sparks's  notice  in  the  North  American  Hoview, 
vol.  XXII.     IMeanwhile,  Col.  Daniel  Putnam,  in   182."),  recapitulated 
his  views  in  a  connnunication  to  tlie  P.unker  Hill  Monument  Associa- 
tion, and  this  document  is  printed  in  tlic  Connecticut  Historical  Collec- 
tions, vol.  I.     'riie  acc(Mmt  of  Swett  has  been  substantially  followed 
in   Hand,  Avery  Ot  Co.'s  ••Bunker  Hill   Centennial."     Swett's  first 
publication    was  criticised  l)y  D.   L.   Child,  in  the  Boston   Patriot, 
November  17,  1818,  who  claimed  that  rutnam  was  not  in  the  battle, 
and  whose  article  was  reprinted  as  an  '•  Hnciuiry  into  the  Conduct  of 
General   I'utnam."     On   the    other   hand,    Alden    Bradford,    in    his 
pamphlet,  iu  182."),   cbiimed  the   conunand   for  Putnam.     In    1811, 
Ellis,  in  his  oration,  and  sul)se(|uently  in  his  •'  History  of  the  Battle," 
in  1843,  taking  .advantage  of  intercourse  with  Trescott's  descendants, 
made  the  first  extended  presentation  of  Trescott's  claims,  to  which 
Col.    Swett   demurred    iu   the    Boston   iVdvcrtiser,    where    also    can 
be  found  Ellis's  rejoinder.     Again,   in   1843,  John  Fellows,  in   his 
"Veil  Removed,"  animadverted  upon  Swett's  views  regarding    Put- 
nam, and  reproduced  Dearborn's  statements  and  many  others  aimed 
to  detract  from  I'utnam's  fame. 

"When  Erothingham's  -'Siege  of  Boston"  appeared  in  1841),  in 
which  the  ((uestion  of  the  command  was  critically  examined,  p.  15!), 
etc.,  giving  that  power  to  Brescott,  Swett  renewed  the  controversy  in 
a   criti.ine   on   that  work   in    1850,  with   a  tract,    "Who  was   the 


BATTLE   OF   liUNKEll   HILL 


1()7 


Connnnndor,"  oto.,  to  which  Frothinohnn.  n.,.Ii,.,1   i„  a  pMniphlot  of 
hftv-.s,x    pM-es,    -The    C.nnn.Mn.l    in    Ih,"   iJMttle   of  JJunkcr   Hill  " 
^uhsUuMiM\u<r   his    posili.,,,,    ,„.!    ,,ui„ti,,u-   out   th.-    i„con.sisl..n..ii.s 
••I'Hl  sconnnj.-  perversions  of  Sw...i.     J„  ],sa;i,  Inin-,  iu  his  ••  Life  of 
A\  ashinoton,"    ,;,,„,„,    ,.,,„^.,^^_     j„    ,,^_..^    ^^    (Jrosvc-nor,    in    an 
""Mivss  bHoro  till.  t..  erndants  of  (;.,,..,:,!   I'ntJinn.,  "exposed"  (as 
he  olanned)    "  the  nn.ocn.T.M.s   eon.hiel   of  Colonel  IVeseott  toward 
(lonen.I  Pntnani.  the  e.mnnander  in  the  battle."     When  Eancrofl,  in 
l.^.'«,   pnhli.shed   his   seventh    vohune,    he   took    the   oTomui,   already 
loresha.lowed    in    a    le..tnr..  whieh    !,.■    had    delivered,  that   Prescott 
oonunanded    the   i-rovincials.     In    1«,V»,    ••  ,S..lah,"   of  the  JL-irtfor.I 
J'ost,  favorin-   I'nfnani,  Inul   a  eonlroversy  with  J)awson,  who  held 
I'utnan.  to  have  l,een  a  •'  hlnslerer  an.l  swa-oerer,"  and   intin.ates  he 
was    also    treaeherons;   and    this    was    reprinted    in   an    unpublished 
q.u-rto,  -  Major  (Jeneral  Israel  Pn.nau.."     Aj-ain,  in  I'utnan.'s  favor, 
tli;'  Hon.  II.  C.  Den.ino-  delivere.l  a  discourse,  before  the  Connecticut 
Il.stoncal  Society  on  the  presentation  of  I'utnanfs  swon),  and  it  was 
ivpcated,  June  18,  ]H(;o.  at  rulnan.'s  o,,,vc.  at  Pon.fret,  before  the 
1  ut.uun  i'halanx.     The  aruunu.nt,  as  re.i-ar.ls  the  claims  of  I'utnam, 
wn.spresen.ed  by  the  Kev.  I.   N.   Tarbox,  in  the  New  York  Herald, 
•'"lU"  V2  and   14,  lS7r>,  and  in   the  New  Kn.ulander,  April,  187.-..     S. 
A.    Drake's  '•  (ieneral    Israel   I'ntnan.,  the    Conunander   at   Hunker 
"dl,"  arjrues  on  the    basis  of  n.ilitary   rule,    and   snunnarizes    the 
'".thorities.     See    also   HoUister's    .-History    of    Connecticut,"    an.l 
Il.n.nan's  -Connecticut  iu  the  HevoiuLion."     .ludue  Deveus's  oration 
lit  Buni<er  Hill,  187.-,,  favors  I'rescoit.     AVheihlon's  '•  New  History" 
favors  I'utuani.     A  pamphlet.  -.Col.  William  Prescott,"  by  Francis 
J.  Parlicr,  issued  since  the  centennial  celelu-ation,  presents  the  case 
anew  in  favor  of  tliat  oflicer. 

In  182.1,  .vhen  (Jeueral  W.  II.  Suumer  was  adjutant-eneral  of 
Massachusetts,  and  if  devolve.I  upon  him  to  arrauue  for  ti...  appear- 
ance of  the  veterans  in  the  celebrati.m  of  that  year,  he  collected 
""ni  the  recitals  of  some  of  then,  some  p:nticulars  reoardiu-  the 
"I'l"''"'""^'''  '""l  <l''--i>l,  of  Warren,  an.l  i,eld  son.e  correspoudeuce 
with  Dr.  Waterhouse  on  the  subject  in  the  Boston  Patriot,  in  Au.nist 
of  that  year.     This  matter  he  r.-produced  in  a  paper  iu  the  New  Kn-- 


I 


1G8 


APPENDIX. 


land  llistoricnl  aiul  (iem'Mlo5.ncMl  R(-Nt(M',  jM"'''  '""'  •'"'>■-  l'^''«-  ^^'« 
furtlu'i- tl>o  iuroiH.ts  in  J.ovin-'s  '•  llnndml  P.osU.n  Orators;"  in  Mrs. 
.1.  n.  Brown's  [Wurri'u's  o•ran(l-(lall,^■lltor]  -Stork's  of  OtMicral 
Warren;"  in  Dr.  .lolni  .lotlVics'  [son  of  the  roval  s.n-oon  on  ti.c 
licld]  paper  in  tiu'  Boston  Medical  and  Snr-ieal  .lonrnal,  .Ini.c  17, 
1875;  and  in  tl.e  life  of  Dr.  Jolui  Warren,  brother  of  tlie  u;eneral. 
See  also  tlio  enlo,!?}"  on  Cieneral  Warren  in  1770  by  Perez  Morton, 
an<l  tiio  memorial  volnme  issned  on  the  oeeasion  of  the  dedication  of 
tlie  Warren  statue,  and  partienlarly  Frothinglmm's  -  Life  of  Warren." 
There  is  an  account  of  tlie  dillerent  celebrations  in  ri,.u'lestown  in 
the  New  York  Herald  for  -Iiuie  1,  1.^7.'i. 

There  are  otlier  papers  on  tl.e  battle  in  tlie  New  England  Historical 
and  Geiiealojiical  Uej^nster.  an.l  Dawson's  and  Frothinoham's  notes 
will  indicate  additional  publications  not  mentioned  liere. 

Tlie  earliest  of  tiie  plans  of  the  action  seems  to  have  been  a  sligiit 
sketch,  after  information  from  Cliaplain  .lolui  Martin,  wlio  was  in  the 
battle,  drawn  by  Stiles  in  liis  diary,  which  is  reproduced  in  Dawson, 
who  also,  as  does  Frothins-ham,  siivcs  the  sli<.lit  sketcii,  madi^  with 
printers' rules,  which  accompanied  the  account  in  Rivin-ton's  (iazette, 

Autiiist  ;5,  1775. 

The  careful  iTlan  made  by  Page  of  the  British  en<>ineers,  based 
upon  Capt.  xMoutresor's  survi-y  (which  closely  agrees  with  Folton  and 
Parker's  survey  of  Charlcstowii  in  IHIH).  is  much  tiic  best,  and  it 
shows  the  laying  out  of  Charlostown,  tlie  position  of  the  frigates,  and 
the  battery  at  Copp's  Hill.  Tlie  successive  positions  of  the  attacking 
force  are"  indicated  by  a  superposed  sheet.  This  was  issued  in 
,  London  in  177G,  and  the  same  plate,  with  few  changes,  was  used  in 
Stcdman's  history  in  1794.  The  original  improssion  was  re-cngraved 
for  Frothingham's    "  Siege,"    and    is    also   given    in   his    centennial 

narrative. 

The  plan  by  Dc  Bcrniero  of  the  Tenth  Royal  Infantry,  on  much  the 
same  senile  as" Page's,  ditlers  in  some  points  from  it.  is  not  so  correct 
in  tlie  .n'oiuid  plan,  and  is  the  lirst  plan  that  appeared  in  an  American 
engraving,  in  the  Analectic  Magazine,  February,  1818.  where  it  is 
represented  as  from  a  sketch  Ibund  in  the  captiire<l  baggage  of  a 
British  ollicer,  in  1775.     General  Dearborn  made  some  remarks  on 


i 


M  m 


BATTLE   OF   BUxVKEIl   HILL.  1G9 

this  pl,n  in  tl.e  Tortfclio,  M.rch,  1S18,  winch  nro  reprinted  in  Dau- 
■son  p.  438.  IVarborn's  sui^oqnent  plan,  a.  altered  in  red  on  ti.at 
o(  Do  Bern.ere,  was  criticised  upon  ti,e  lield  in  June,  1818,  l.y  Gov- 
|.'n.or«rool.s(wi.o  acted  as  messenger  from  Prescott  to  Ward  in  tl.e 
mt  le),  as  dotail,.l  ,,y  General  S.nnner  in  the  New  England  Historical 
-.d  (..enealog,cal  Kegis.er.  July,  18.1,s.  This  n.ap  was  n.ad..  the 
-.s  ol  one  engrave.1  l.y  Snuth,  and  issned  In  Boston,  at  ,he  Un.e  of 
the  completion  of  the  Monnment,  in  18  l.'i. 

A  map  of  Boston,  showing  Charlestown  and  the  (ield,  with  Bnr- 
goynes  letter  attached,  was  issned  in  J.ondon,  and  has  been  repro- 
dueed  in  lac-snnile  in  F.  Moore's  ^'  Ballad  History  of  the  Revolntion," 

da<?  W  "  ;'"  r  ''""'""  '"''  ''■ ''"  ""^"•"  i"^''^  ^'  Massachnsetts, 
dated  London,  September  M,  177o,  in  which  the  lines  of  nnvrch  of 

he   roops  of  the  .li.ferent  provinces  are  designated  as  they  assen.bled 

he  C  ntemual  Graphic,"  and  Frothingham  styles  it  '^  more  cnrions 
than  va  uable.  In  a  side-sketch,  of  this  san.e  sheet,  there  is  a  senn- 
Pictonal  plan  of  the  battle,  with  the  whole  of  Boston,  and  this  has 
rccen  ly  been  facsimiled  in  Wheildon's,  Pnlsifer's  and  Bngbee's 
sketches,  and  in  George  A.  Coolidge's  "  Centennial  Memorial." 

Colonel  SVett  made  a  plan  of  his  own,  based  on  Berniere's,  of  about 
he  s:ze  of  Pages,  and  it  was  reproduced  fnll  size  in  Ellis's  Oration, 
1841 ;  but  the  reproductions  of  it  in  Lossing's  "  Field-book,"  in  Ellis's 
New  lork  Herald  article,  June  8,  1875,  and  in  his  History  and  Cen- 
tennial History,  in  Rand,  Avery  &  Co.'s  "Bunker  Hill  Centennial  " 
in  George  A.  Coolidge's  "  Brochure,"  in  the  Bunker  Hill  Times,  Jun'e 
17,  1875,  and  in  Bugbee's  sketch,  are  reduced  in  size.     Little  regard 
IS  paid  in  this  plan  to  the  laying  out  of  the  town  of  Charlestown.  °See 
a^sothe  plan  in  the  English  translation  of  Botta's  "History  of  the 
War  of  Independence." 

Of  contemporary  plans  of  Boston,  that  in  the  Gentleman's  Ma^a- 
zinc,  October,  1775,  p.  4G4,  shows  the  peninsula,  with  "  Charlestorvn 
m  ruins.  This  is  drawn  from  the  same  original  as  that  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Magazine,  1775,  which  in  the  June  number  has  a  plan 
of  Boston  Harbor,  with  only  one  eminence  delineated  on  the  Charles- 


170  AIM'KNDIX. 

town  iHMiinsMla,  ul.icli  is  inarU..l  -  I'.in.k'  11."  Tli.  Iio.isrs  in  tim 
low,,  M,v  ,vpivsci,tc.l  MS  (in  Ihv.  Tl,.>  l.on.l.m  Mi.-M/in.'.  Apiil.  1771, 
l,„s  „  cliMil  (iftlic  .'oiist  of  N.'w  Kn-lMii.l,  "ilh  !,  pin, I  or  lin>t,m  in  llii' 
,.,M„ci'.  MiHl  tliis  i.hi,,  NVMs  i„s..|l..l.  .ulni-vd,  in  .IHUt.v's  ".Mali  "'" 
Ni-w  Knjilan.l."  N-.v..  1771,  with  also  a  iilan  of  P.nston  liail.o,',  and 
«as  a^ah,  copinl  in  .L^tlriv's  ••  Anicii.'an  Alias,"  I77(i,  and  a  Krcncl, 
ivprodMclion  ..!•  it  Nvas  iMil-lishcd  al  I'aii..  in  177.S,  in  the  "Atlas 
Ai,,i'ri(inain  Sc|itci,tiionai." 

Tiiciv  aiv  nidc  conlcnipdraiy  views  of  the  action,  one  .'I'  wl,i-li  ap- 

pea.vd  in  177:..  known  as  Woman's,  ivpivsents  I'ntnan,  on  l,o,'s,.ha<'k, 

as  in  L'onnnand.  and  was  ivdncod  in  the  Pennsylvania  .Ma-:i/.ine.  Sep- 

teinhe,',  177:.,  and  this  has  l.een  heliotyped  in  Krothingliani's  centennial 

sketch,  in  Hand.  Ave,y  .V  ('...'s.  and  in  (•oolidj.n''s  -  Men,..iMals,"  and  is 

nlso  ,epn.duce.l  in  Mo.uv's  ••  IJallad  llislo.y."  and  in  the  Bnnke,- Hill 

Times,  , lime   17,    1.^7:..     In  Cockin.u's  poem,  •■  The  Amei'ican  War." 

pnl.lished  in   l.ond(.n,    17.sl.    is   a  s..mewhat   ..xtraoi'.linaiy    piclme, 

which,  with  exii-acts    IVom   the   poem,  has  been    iTp,'..diiced   in   S.  A. 

Drake's  inon(.,i;raph,  and  ti,e  ph'tnie  is  also  -iven  in  Unohee's  sketch, 

and  in  ('..oli.l-e's  •■  I'.i'ochnre."      In  the  (ientleman's  Magazine,  Feb., 

^  171K),  thoi-e  is  a  view  of  Chai'lcstown  and  Howe's  encampment  on  the 

V  l,ill,  taken  after  the  battle,  and  in  the  ?,Iassacl,usetls  Magazine,  Sept., 

4  17,s'<},  is  a  view  of  Chailes-i-ivor  Bridge,  showing  the  eonlignration  of 

|r!|  lUinker's  and  Breed's  Hills. 

The  well-known  picture  which  Colonel  Trnnibnll,  in  ITsG,  painted 
of  the  battle,  and  of  which  a  key  will  be  found  in  the  New  England 
Historical  and  Cienealogical  Uegister,  vol.  xv.,  and  of  which  there 
is  a  description  in  Trmnbnll's  autobiography,  gave  the  command  in 
the  redoubt  to  I'ntnam.  and  a  subordinate  position  to  I'rescott,  which 
the  i)ainter  is  said  aflerwai'ds  to  have  regretted,  as  indicating  views  on 
the  (luestion  of  command  at  variance  with  the  truth.  A  picture  by 
1).  M.  Carter  represents  I'rescott  in  command,  and  this  is  reiiroducecl 
in  Coolidge's  ••  Bioclmi-e."  For  accounts  of  the  :Monnment.  sec 
Ellis's  edition  of  184:5;  Frothingham's  -Siege  of  Boston;"  and 
Wheildon's  '"  Life  of  Solon,on  Willard." 


' 


UATTLi:    OK    M[;\KKK    IllfJ,.  171 

■I'llK  sik(;k  (II'  liosi'oN,  .iiNi;,   i:::.  -maimh.   i-c. 

'I'lic  >ii'L;('  cif  liiisliiii  licuMii  with  ihc  ivtiini  n|'  Hic  Miili-li  Ironps 
IVniii  ('..iiconi  oil  the  cvniiiiu- i.r  A|>iil  r.l,  177.">.  iiii'l  I'liliiiiiii  foriiricd 
rn)>|MTl  Hill  iiiiiiicjiiiii'ly  !irici'  llic   IimHIc  hC  liunKn'  ||i||  ;     ;iii<l  iil'irr 

UnshillUlnli's    l;iUii|o    III,.    (•(iiillilMinl.  .Illl\    ;;,    |  77.">.    Ilir    ('n|ll|ili'li(ili    uf 
liic  lines  tiliiiiil  Ihc  Inwii  \\:is  licLiuii. 

Tilt'    t'llllcsl   Mccoillil    (.r   llic    (.vci|t«;   slliTccdiliL:'  tile    I  Till  of  .IllllC  will 

'k'  f'l 'I  ill  riiilliiiiulinnrs  ••  Sicnv  (,r  liosidii."  hut,  ii  irciKTiil   siirvcv 

nf  Ihc  cvciils  will   he  Iniiiiil  in  jhiiicr, ifi   Mini   Hiirrv;   niid  poimhir  iie- 

< iil-<  <';iii  !'<•  Ii>lln\vei|    ill   |);i\vsul|'s  ••  I'.iltllo  oj'  Ihc  Initcil  Slnles  ;  " 

ill  E.  K  Utile's  ••  One  Iliimlii'cl  Venis  Aii.i,"  uml  in  ihc  ■^■eniTnl  hislo- 
ries.  (Ididdii  uivesdehiils  Croiii  diiiiics  (if  the  limes  ;  niid  illustrative 
niiittcr  nrcniiteniiinnirvoriuin  is  niven  in  AIiikhi's  •'  IJeinenihrMiicer  ;  " 
in  {•"uirc's  •>  AniiTicMii  Archives  ;  "  in  .Mooiv's  ••  Diary  of  the  Amciican 
Hcvolnlion."  See  also  the  Collccliolis  of  the  Ksscn  Iii,liliile.  \o|. 
III.;  llie  diary  of  (ieneral  Heath  in  the  cani|is  al  Ifoxlairy  aii<l  Cain- 
lii'id'.'e,  in  the  Proceed in-s.  May.  l.s.V.i.of  the  .MassaclniM'lts  Histori- 
cal Society. 

The  letters  of  Washinnion.  in  S|i;ii'l<s's  edition,  dnrinii-  liis  stav  at 
Cainliridii-e.  are  of  the  ntinost  iniporlancc.  as  arc  those  of  .lose|ih 
Heed,  his  military  secretary.  See  j.iso  tli(>  .aiilohio^raphy  of  Col. 
.John  Trnmliull,  who  was  at  this  time  of  Washington's  niilil.arv 
family,  and  the  life  of  Dr.  .John  Warren  (hrother  of  (General  Josej)!! 
Warren),  of  the  medical  stall'. 

Of  till' associations  of  Wa>hini:ton  with  his  hcad-iinartcrs  at  Cam- 
lirid<;e,  see  Alc\aiidcr  McKeii/ie's  article  in  the  Atlantic  .'Monthly, 
.Inly,  1.S7.");  and  Charles  Deane's  paper  in  the  I'loccediniis  of  the 
IMassacllIlsctts  Historical  Society.  Sept..  Is7l';  see  also  ■Fiiiie,  l.S.'.X. 
In  this  connection  see  Rev.  Dr.  I'eahody's  oration  al  Camliriilnc.  .Iiilv 
.").  I.s7.'i.  and  the  poem  ••  Inder  the  (Ireat  Kim."  liy  .lames  Russell 
Lowell,  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly,  Any..  I.s7.').  Also  miicli  connected 
with  the  Caiiihridgc  centre,  :ind  the  left  wiii^r.  can  lie  learned  from 
Drake's  '•  Middlesex  ;  "  and  for  the  whole  line,  in  Lossiny's  "  Field- 
boolv." 

Varion.s  diaries  aiul  letters  of  contcm[i(n'arics,  written  diirinii;  thin 
interval,  have  been  printed,  like  that  (jf  Dr.  Ik-lknap,  in  the  Can> 


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APPENDIX. 


hiuljio  C'nmp,  Oct.,  17i:>,  otc,  in  rroceo(lin<rs,  June,  1858,  of  the 
aiassachusi'tts  Ilistoiical  Society  ;  tiiat  of  Paul  Lunt,  in  the  Cam- 
bridge Camp,  May  10  to  Doc.  23,  1775,  in  the  same,  Feb.,  1872  ;  that 
of  Kzt'kiel  rriee,  in  the  same,  Nov.,  18G3  ;  the  Andrews  papers  in  the 
same  rroccedings,  July,  18G5  ;  tlie  diary,  of  Aaron  "Wrijiht,  in  the 
Boston  Transeript,  April  11,  1802;  a  diary  in  the  Historical  Maga- 
zine, Oct.,  18G4  ;  letters,  which  had  been  used  by  Frothingham,  but 
were  not  printed  in  full  till  they  appeared  in  the  New  England  His- 
torical and  Genealogical  Kegister,  April,  1857;  and  letters  in  the 
rroceedings  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  June,  1873  ;  in 
the  American  Historical  Record,  Dec,  1872. 

On  the  evacuation -in  March,   177G,  there  are  letters  in  tlie  New 
England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  viii.,  p.  231,  etc.  ; 
in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical   Society,    1858. 
Dawson,  in  his '' IJatlles,"  gives  Howe's  despatch  from  Nantasket 
Roads,  March  21. 177G  ;  and  Washington's  despatch  of  March  I'.l,  1776. 
The  appearance  of  Boston  at  this  time  can  be  judged  of  from  a 
plate  representing  the  landing  of  the  British  troops  to  garrison  the 
place  in  17C8,  by  Paul  Revere,  which  is  reproduced  in  Rand,  Avery 
&  Co. 's  "Bunker  Hill  Centennial."     There  is  a  view  of  the  harbor 
and  town  in  the  IVuusylvania  INIagazine,  Jiuie.  1773 ;  a  description 
with  a  view  in  the  Columbian  Magazine,  Dec,  1787  ;  and  one  of  the 
town  from  Breed's  Hill  in  the  Massachusetts  ISIagazine,  June,  1791  ; 
and   in  July,   ll'.K),  a  large  view  of  the  Old  State  House,   and  for 
another  see  Aug.,  1701  ;  in  July,  17h;i,  one  of  the  Hancock  House; 
in   March,    17H'J,    one  of  Fanenil  Hall,  — all    showing  the  aspects 
of  revolutionary  Boston.     A  view  showing  Dorchester  Heights  is  in 
the  number  for  Nov.,  17!)0  ;  and  anotherof  Boston  from  those  heights, 
in  1774,  is  copied  from  a  contemporary  English  print  in  Lossing's 
"Field-book,"  i.,    p.  512. 

Descriptions  of  the  town  and  its  society  at  a  little  later  date  will 
be  found  in  the  letters  of  Anburey,  who  was  one  of  Burgoyne's  odi- 
ceis.  (juartered  at  Cambridge  in  1777;  in  Abbe  Robin,  a  cliajjlain  of 
Rochambeau,  in  17H1,  whose  accoiuit  is  quoted  by  Shurtletf,  and  trans- 
lated in  the  Historical  Magazine,  Aug.,  18G2  ;  and  in  Chastellux, 
1782,  also  quoted  in  Shurtletf  s  "  Description  of  Boston." 


BATTLE   OF  BUNKER  HILL. 


173 


There  is  a  view  of  Gage's  lines  on  Boston  Neclf  in  Frothingham, 
from  a  print  published  in  1777,  and  apian  of  them  in  Force's  "  Ameri- 
can Archives,"  and  an  original  plan  reproduced  in  tlie  "  Centennial 
Graphic,"  See  also  Pennsylvania  Magazine,  Aug.,  1775,  for  Gage's 
lines.  A  plan  of  the  fort  erected  by  the  British  on  Bunker  Hill 
proper  is  given  in  Frothingham's  "  Siege,"  from  one  published  in 
London,  in  1781. 

Shurtleff,  in  his  "  Description  of  Boston,"  ch.  G,  gives  a  chapter  to 
the  enumeration  of  maps  of  the  town  and  its  harbor,  some  of  which 
are  of  interest  in  understanding  the  circuit  of  fortifications  erected 
by  the  provincial  forces  at  this  time.  The  best  for  considtation  is  the 
eclectic  map  given  b^-  Frothingham,  p.  91.  Sec  also  that  in  Force,  vol. 
III.,  and  the  military  maps  in  Marshall's  "  Washington,"  Sparks's 
"  Washington,"  reproduced  by  Guizot,  Lossing's  "  Field-book,"  etc. 

For  contemporary  maps,  that  in  vol.  i.  of  Almon's  "  Remembran- 
cer," drawn  at  Boston  in  June,  177.'),  shows  for  the  field  of  battle,  the 
words  "  Breed's  Pasture,"  which  accords  with  the  belief  that  that 
ominencb  was  not  known  as  Breed's  Hill,  till  after  the  battle.  It  is 
not  otherwise  very  accurate. 

The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Jan.,  1775,  gave  a  chart  of  the  town 
and  harbor. 

The  Pennsylvania  Magazine,  July,  1775,  gave  a  plan  of  Boston, 
with  a  side-sketcii  of  the  lines  about  the  town,  which  has  been  repro- 
duced in  ^loort's  "Ballad  History,"  and  in  the  Centennial  Memorials 
of  Rand,  Avery  &  Co.,  of  George  A.  Coolidge,  etc.  Col,  Trumbull, 
in  his  autobiography,  gave  a  map  of  the  lines  made  by  himself 
in  Sept.,  1775. 

A  large  map  of  the  town,  with  surrounding  country  and  harbor, 
after  Sanuiel  Holland's  surveys,  was  published  by  Des  Banes  in 
London,  Aug.  5,  1775.  It  shows  no  forliflcitions  excej)!  those  at 
Copp's  Hill  and  on  the  Neck,  A  colored  coi>y  of  this  is  in  the  Boston 
Public  Library,  as  is  also  a  French  map,  17hO:  "Carte  particuliere 
du  Havre  de  Boston,  reduito  de  la  carte  anglaise  de  Des  Barres," 
The  1775  plate  of  Des  Barres,  without  change  of  date,  but  neverthe- 
less with  changes  in  some  parts,  and  with  the  various  fortifications 
of  the  siege  delineated,  was  published  again  in  1780-83,  in  the  "  Amer- 


174 


APPENDIX. 


ican  Noptiino,"  and  it  was  from  the  lion,  Ricliard  Frotliingham's  copy 
of  this  that  the  reproduction  in  Shurtlolf's  "Description  of  Boston" 
was  made  in  1870. 

Faden's  map  of  Boston,  with  the  intrencliment  of  177."),  based  on 
tlie  observations  of  Pa«,'e  in  177;"),  was  pnl)lishod,  London,  Oct.  1, 
1777,  and  in  a  hiter  edition,  Oct.,  177H,  and  it  has  been  fac-similed 
in  Frothingham's  "  Siege." 

Roman's  map  of  "  Tlie  Seat  of  Civil  War  in  America,"  1775,  has  a 
rude  view  of  tlie  lines  on  Boston  Neck,  and  a  plan  of  Boston  and  its 
environs. 

In  177G  there  was  published  bv  Be.aur.ain,  at  Paris,  a  "  Carte  du 
Port  et  Havre  do  Boston,"  which  is  copied  from  a  British  plan,  and 
has  in  a  vignette  the  earliest  known  printed  representation  of  the 
Pjne-tree  banner.  (This  vignette  is  copied  by  Frothingham,  who 
calls  the  map  "  curious  but  not  correct.")  There  is  also  a  German 
edition  of  the  same. 

In  1777  was  published  Henry  Polham's  map  of  Boston  and  envi- 
rons, which  is  called  "  the  most  accurate"  of  all.  It  was  published 
in  London,  June  2,  1777,  shows  the  military  lines,  and  has  been  re- 
produced in  Moore's  "  Diary  of  the  Revolution,"  and  in  Drake's 
"  Landmarks." 

In  1777,  Faden  published  in  London  a  plan  of  Boston  and  vicinity, 
showing  the  "  rebel  works,"  and  based  on  Page's  and  Montresor's 
observations. 

The  earliest  of  the  eclectic  maps,  and  the  one  followed  by  later 
authorities  in  assigning  the  location  of  the  military  lines,  was  th.at 
given  by  Gordon  in  his  history,  who  took  Page's  for  the  town,  and 
Pelham's  for  the  country. 


